Energy Consumption Enhancement of Reverse-Biased Silicon-Based Mach–Zehnder Modulators Using Corrugated Slow Light Waveguides

The energy efficiency of silicon modulators can be enhanced by increasing the doping level. As an alternative solution, slow light modulators based on corrugated waveguides can also be used for improving the energy efficiency. Using numerical and analytical tools, we show that for the same level of...

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Main Authors: Reza Hosseini, Levon Mirzoyan, Kambiz Jamshidi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2018-01-01
Series:IEEE Photonics Journal
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8255601/
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author Reza Hosseini
Levon Mirzoyan
Kambiz Jamshidi
author_facet Reza Hosseini
Levon Mirzoyan
Kambiz Jamshidi
author_sort Reza Hosseini
collection DOAJ
description The energy efficiency of silicon modulators can be enhanced by increasing the doping level. As an alternative solution, slow light modulators based on corrugated waveguides can also be used for improving the energy efficiency. Using numerical and analytical tools, we show that for the same level of energy consumption reduction, the loss coefficient and the loss-modulation efficiency for the slow-light modulators are smaller than those for the modulators with an increased doping level. It is shown that the slow light structures with medium slow down factors (specifically slowdown factors of less than 6) can be reasonable candidates for enhancing the modulator&#x0027;s energy efficiency. For example, an energy consumption of less than 100 fJ&#x002F;bit can be achieved at a slow-down factor of 6, using a doping level of 5 &#x00D7; 10<sup>17</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> for acceptors and 1 &#x00D7; 10<sup>18</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> for donors.
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issn 1943-0655
language English
publishDate 2018-01-01
publisher IEEE
record_format Article
series IEEE Photonics Journal
spelling doaj-art-965537e16c654b4d9fb73ae188c3f5462025-08-20T03:14:53ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552018-01-011011710.1109/JPHOT.2018.27925358255601Energy Consumption Enhancement of Reverse-Biased Silicon-Based Mach–Zehnder Modulators Using Corrugated Slow Light WaveguidesReza Hosseini0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8958-1950Levon Mirzoyan1Kambiz Jamshidi2Integrated Photonic Devices Lab, Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Dresden, Dresden, GermanyIntegrated Photonic Devices Lab, Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Dresden, Dresden, GermanyIntegrated Photonic Devices Lab, Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Dresden, Dresden, GermanyThe energy efficiency of silicon modulators can be enhanced by increasing the doping level. As an alternative solution, slow light modulators based on corrugated waveguides can also be used for improving the energy efficiency. Using numerical and analytical tools, we show that for the same level of energy consumption reduction, the loss coefficient and the loss-modulation efficiency for the slow-light modulators are smaller than those for the modulators with an increased doping level. It is shown that the slow light structures with medium slow down factors (specifically slowdown factors of less than 6) can be reasonable candidates for enhancing the modulator&#x0027;s energy efficiency. For example, an energy consumption of less than 100 fJ&#x002F;bit can be achieved at a slow-down factor of 6, using a doping level of 5 &#x00D7; 10<sup>17</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> for acceptors and 1 &#x00D7; 10<sup>18</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> for donors.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8255601/Optical modulatorsphotonic integrated circuitsphotonic crystal waveguides
spellingShingle Reza Hosseini
Levon Mirzoyan
Kambiz Jamshidi
Energy Consumption Enhancement of Reverse-Biased Silicon-Based Mach–Zehnder Modulators Using Corrugated Slow Light Waveguides
IEEE Photonics Journal
Optical modulators
photonic integrated circuits
photonic crystal waveguides
title Energy Consumption Enhancement of Reverse-Biased Silicon-Based Mach–Zehnder Modulators Using Corrugated Slow Light Waveguides
title_full Energy Consumption Enhancement of Reverse-Biased Silicon-Based Mach–Zehnder Modulators Using Corrugated Slow Light Waveguides
title_fullStr Energy Consumption Enhancement of Reverse-Biased Silicon-Based Mach–Zehnder Modulators Using Corrugated Slow Light Waveguides
title_full_unstemmed Energy Consumption Enhancement of Reverse-Biased Silicon-Based Mach–Zehnder Modulators Using Corrugated Slow Light Waveguides
title_short Energy Consumption Enhancement of Reverse-Biased Silicon-Based Mach–Zehnder Modulators Using Corrugated Slow Light Waveguides
title_sort energy consumption enhancement of reverse biased silicon based mach zehnder modulators using corrugated slow light waveguides
topic Optical modulators
photonic integrated circuits
photonic crystal waveguides
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8255601/
work_keys_str_mv AT rezahosseini energyconsumptionenhancementofreversebiasedsiliconbasedmachzehndermodulatorsusingcorrugatedslowlightwaveguides
AT levonmirzoyan energyconsumptionenhancementofreversebiasedsiliconbasedmachzehndermodulatorsusingcorrugatedslowlightwaveguides
AT kambizjamshidi energyconsumptionenhancementofreversebiasedsiliconbasedmachzehndermodulatorsusingcorrugatedslowlightwaveguides