Air quality assessment in Beijing based on cloud model

Abstract This research employs the cloud model method to assess the outdoor air quality in Beijing over the past ten years. The study establishes standard and evaluation clouds for major air pollutants and constructs a comprehensive evaluation cloud model for the Air Quality Index (AQI) using aggreg...

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Main Authors: Weidong Rao, Jialu Li, Hankun Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05751-1
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author Weidong Rao
Jialu Li
Hankun Guo
author_facet Weidong Rao
Jialu Li
Hankun Guo
author_sort Weidong Rao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This research employs the cloud model method to assess the outdoor air quality in Beijing over the past ten years. The study establishes standard and evaluation clouds for major air pollutants and constructs a comprehensive evaluation cloud model for the Air Quality Index (AQI) using aggregation functions and cloud model attributes. A novel normal cloud similarity measurement method based on the second-order Fréchet distance is adopted to conduct annual assessments. The core findings indicate a significant improvement in Beijing’s air quality, with the AQI showing a continuous downward trend from moderate pollution in 2014 to mild pollution in 2023. Specific pollutants such as $$PM_{10}$$ , $$PM_{2.5}$$ , and $$SO_2$$ have shown marked reductions, transitioning from good or light pollution levels to excellent ratings. The cloud model method effectively captures the probabilistic nature of pollutant concentrations, providing a more nuanced and rigorous assessment compared to traditional methods. These results validate the effectiveness and precision of the cloud model approach, offering actionable insights for environmental management and policy development.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-964a7960dc1d434580eb9e2bd05e56b92025-08-20T03:37:27ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-05751-1Air quality assessment in Beijing based on cloud modelWeidong Rao0Jialu Li1Hankun Guo2School of Mathematical Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal UniversitySchool of Economics, Management and Law, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal UniversitySchool of Mathematical Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal UniversityAbstract This research employs the cloud model method to assess the outdoor air quality in Beijing over the past ten years. The study establishes standard and evaluation clouds for major air pollutants and constructs a comprehensive evaluation cloud model for the Air Quality Index (AQI) using aggregation functions and cloud model attributes. A novel normal cloud similarity measurement method based on the second-order Fréchet distance is adopted to conduct annual assessments. The core findings indicate a significant improvement in Beijing’s air quality, with the AQI showing a continuous downward trend from moderate pollution in 2014 to mild pollution in 2023. Specific pollutants such as $$PM_{10}$$ , $$PM_{2.5}$$ , and $$SO_2$$ have shown marked reductions, transitioning from good or light pollution levels to excellent ratings. The cloud model method effectively captures the probabilistic nature of pollutant concentrations, providing a more nuanced and rigorous assessment compared to traditional methods. These results validate the effectiveness and precision of the cloud model approach, offering actionable insights for environmental management and policy development.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05751-1Cloud modelAir qualityUncertaintyFréchet distance
spellingShingle Weidong Rao
Jialu Li
Hankun Guo
Air quality assessment in Beijing based on cloud model
Scientific Reports
Cloud model
Air quality
Uncertainty
Fréchet distance
title Air quality assessment in Beijing based on cloud model
title_full Air quality assessment in Beijing based on cloud model
title_fullStr Air quality assessment in Beijing based on cloud model
title_full_unstemmed Air quality assessment in Beijing based on cloud model
title_short Air quality assessment in Beijing based on cloud model
title_sort air quality assessment in beijing based on cloud model
topic Cloud model
Air quality
Uncertainty
Fréchet distance
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05751-1
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AT jialuli airqualityassessmentinbeijingbasedoncloudmodel
AT hankunguo airqualityassessmentinbeijingbasedoncloudmodel