Three-State Hidden Markov Model for Spectrum Prediction in Cognitive Radio Networks

The exponential growth and proliferation of wireless devices for different wireless applications have led to the emergence of cognitive radio network (CRN) for optimal utilization of scarce spectrum resources. However, these resources have grossly been under-utilized due to the inaccurate spectrum...

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Main Authors: Emmanuel Oluwatosin Rabiu, Damilare Oluwole Akande, Zachaeus Kayode Adeyemo, Isaac Akinwale Akanbi, Oluwole Oladele Obanisola
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: College of Engineering of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD), Ekiti State, Nigeria 2024-10-01
Series:ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development
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Online Access:https://journals.abuad.edu.ng/index.php/ajerd/article/view/763
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author Emmanuel Oluwatosin Rabiu
Damilare Oluwole Akande
Zachaeus Kayode Adeyemo
Isaac Akinwale Akanbi
Oluwole Oladele Obanisola
author_facet Emmanuel Oluwatosin Rabiu
Damilare Oluwole Akande
Zachaeus Kayode Adeyemo
Isaac Akinwale Akanbi
Oluwole Oladele Obanisola
author_sort Emmanuel Oluwatosin Rabiu
collection DOAJ
description The exponential growth and proliferation of wireless devices for different wireless applications have led to the emergence of cognitive radio network (CRN) for optimal utilization of scarce spectrum resources. However, these resources have grossly been under-utilized due to the inaccurate spectrum predictions. Existing spectrum occupancy and prediction techniques which rely on 2-state hidden Markov model (HMM) results in false alarm or missed detection caused by noisy or incomplete observable effects. In this paper, a 3-state HMM spectrum occupancy and prediction technique in CRNs is proposed. The transmission, emission and initial state probabilities of the proposed 3-state HMM parameters were derived based on the three canonical problems associated with HMM. The evaluation, decoding and learning problems were solved using Forward algorithm, Viterbi algorithm and the Baum-Welch algorithm, respectively. The performance of the proposed 3-state HMM spectrum prediction technique was evaluated using prediction accuracy, probability of detection and spectrum utilization efficiency. The simulation results obtained revealed that the 3-state HMM outperformed the 2-state HMM spectrum prediction technique by 24.1% in prediction accuracy.
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language English
publishDate 2024-10-01
publisher College of Engineering of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD), Ekiti State, Nigeria
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spelling doaj-art-963f3ebd20b6430eaaa60646fb68419d2025-08-20T02:28:00ZengCollege of Engineering of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD), Ekiti State, NigeriaABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development2756-68112645-26852024-10-017210.53982/ajerd.2024.0702.40-j638Three-State Hidden Markov Model for Spectrum Prediction in Cognitive Radio NetworksEmmanuel Oluwatosin Rabiu0Damilare Oluwole Akande1Zachaeus Kayode Adeyemo2Isaac Akinwale Akanbi3Oluwole Oladele Obanisola4Electronic and Electrical Engineering Department, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, NigeriaElectronic and Electrical Engineering Department, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, NigeriaElectronic and Electrical Engineering Department, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, NigeriaNigerian Communications Commission, Abuja, NigeriaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria The exponential growth and proliferation of wireless devices for different wireless applications have led to the emergence of cognitive radio network (CRN) for optimal utilization of scarce spectrum resources. However, these resources have grossly been under-utilized due to the inaccurate spectrum predictions. Existing spectrum occupancy and prediction techniques which rely on 2-state hidden Markov model (HMM) results in false alarm or missed detection caused by noisy or incomplete observable effects. In this paper, a 3-state HMM spectrum occupancy and prediction technique in CRNs is proposed. The transmission, emission and initial state probabilities of the proposed 3-state HMM parameters were derived based on the three canonical problems associated with HMM. The evaluation, decoding and learning problems were solved using Forward algorithm, Viterbi algorithm and the Baum-Welch algorithm, respectively. The performance of the proposed 3-state HMM spectrum prediction technique was evaluated using prediction accuracy, probability of detection and spectrum utilization efficiency. The simulation results obtained revealed that the 3-state HMM outperformed the 2-state HMM spectrum prediction technique by 24.1% in prediction accuracy. https://journals.abuad.edu.ng/index.php/ajerd/article/view/763Cognitive Radio Network3-state HMMSpectrum PredictionPrediction AccuracyProbability of Detection
spellingShingle Emmanuel Oluwatosin Rabiu
Damilare Oluwole Akande
Zachaeus Kayode Adeyemo
Isaac Akinwale Akanbi
Oluwole Oladele Obanisola
Three-State Hidden Markov Model for Spectrum Prediction in Cognitive Radio Networks
ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development
Cognitive Radio Network
3-state HMM
Spectrum Prediction
Prediction Accuracy
Probability of Detection
title Three-State Hidden Markov Model for Spectrum Prediction in Cognitive Radio Networks
title_full Three-State Hidden Markov Model for Spectrum Prediction in Cognitive Radio Networks
title_fullStr Three-State Hidden Markov Model for Spectrum Prediction in Cognitive Radio Networks
title_full_unstemmed Three-State Hidden Markov Model for Spectrum Prediction in Cognitive Radio Networks
title_short Three-State Hidden Markov Model for Spectrum Prediction in Cognitive Radio Networks
title_sort three state hidden markov model for spectrum prediction in cognitive radio networks
topic Cognitive Radio Network
3-state HMM
Spectrum Prediction
Prediction Accuracy
Probability of Detection
url https://journals.abuad.edu.ng/index.php/ajerd/article/view/763
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