Internet of things-based smart system for apple orchards monitoring and management
In this pilot research, a smart monitoring and management system based on Internet of Things (IoT) was developed and realized for apple orchards to monitor the orchard environmental conditions and to forecast the most important disease and pest, as well as to manage irrigation and fertilization. The...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Smart Agricultural Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772375524003198 |
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| author | Bahareh Jamshidi Hossein Khabbaz Jolfaee Kazem Mohammadpour Mohsen Seilsepour Hossein Dehghanisanij Hassan Hajnajari Hossein Farazmand Alireza Atri |
| author_facet | Bahareh Jamshidi Hossein Khabbaz Jolfaee Kazem Mohammadpour Mohsen Seilsepour Hossein Dehghanisanij Hassan Hajnajari Hossein Farazmand Alireza Atri |
| author_sort | Bahareh Jamshidi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this pilot research, a smart monitoring and management system based on Internet of Things (IoT) was developed and realized for apple orchards to monitor the orchard environmental conditions and to forecast the most important disease and pest, as well as to manage irrigation and fertilization. The architecture of the IoT was considered as four layers including perception layer, transport layer, processing layer and application layer. Environmental data in apple orchard was collected on-line with wireless weather and soil sensors (perception layer) and sent to gateway through LoRa radio protocol and then from the gateway to the network server (transport layer) and provided to the software for users. Methods for forecasting apple powdery mildew disease and apple codling moth, as well as thresholds for starting and stopping irrigation were determined and used as bases for decision-making in the system software. Moreover, data processing and required analysis were carried out in the system software along with the presentation of meteorological information, phenology of apple fruit growth stages, and scientific and technical instructions for fertilization in apple orchards (processing layer). A dashboard was also created to visually display the results (application layer). The results showed that the smart system is able to inform the user for the best spraying times and practical recommendations to control the biological threats. Therefore, the losses caused by the disease and pest will be reduced and consequently, the yield will be improved. Evaluation results indicated that the system based on the determined forecasting methods can reduce the number of spraying times (twice instead of at least three times to control apple powdery mildew, and twice instead of four times to control apple codling moth). Therefore, the consumption of fungicides and pesticides is reduced (>33 % and up to 50 %, respectively) which will improve the quality of apples in terms of chemical residues. Moreover, this smart system can help for optimal use of agricultural water according to the tree need with optimal management and irrigation scheduling based on the set thresholds for starting and stopping irrigation. On the other hand, applying fertilization recommendations provided in the system is based on different stages of phenology that helps for optimal fertilizer consumption. In conclusion, the use of this system can help the user to reduce production costs and to increase the quantity and quality of the product by providing timely warnings and practical recommendations regarding spraying, irrigation and fertilization. Considering the effectiveness and technical capabilities, it is recommended to implement the smart monitoring and management system in apple orchards and develop it to manage other basic challenges in such orchards. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-963cd8e1e7854452b162ba008696f59b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2772-3755 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Smart Agricultural Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-963cd8e1e7854452b162ba008696f59b2025-08-20T02:55:48ZengElsevierSmart Agricultural Technology2772-37552025-03-011010071510.1016/j.atech.2024.100715Internet of things-based smart system for apple orchards monitoring and managementBahareh Jamshidi0Hossein Khabbaz Jolfaee1Kazem Mohammadpour2Mohsen Seilsepour3Hossein Dehghanisanij4Hassan Hajnajari5Hossein Farazmand6Alireza Atri7Smart Agricultural Research department, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran; Corresponding author.Plant Diseases Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, IranAgricultural Entomology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, IranGreenhouse Cultivation Research Department, Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Varamin, IranIrrigation and Drainage Research Department, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranTemperate and Cold Fruit Research Center, Horticulture Science Research Institute, Agriculture Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranAgricultural Entomology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, IranWeed Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, IranIn this pilot research, a smart monitoring and management system based on Internet of Things (IoT) was developed and realized for apple orchards to monitor the orchard environmental conditions and to forecast the most important disease and pest, as well as to manage irrigation and fertilization. The architecture of the IoT was considered as four layers including perception layer, transport layer, processing layer and application layer. Environmental data in apple orchard was collected on-line with wireless weather and soil sensors (perception layer) and sent to gateway through LoRa radio protocol and then from the gateway to the network server (transport layer) and provided to the software for users. Methods for forecasting apple powdery mildew disease and apple codling moth, as well as thresholds for starting and stopping irrigation were determined and used as bases for decision-making in the system software. Moreover, data processing and required analysis were carried out in the system software along with the presentation of meteorological information, phenology of apple fruit growth stages, and scientific and technical instructions for fertilization in apple orchards (processing layer). A dashboard was also created to visually display the results (application layer). The results showed that the smart system is able to inform the user for the best spraying times and practical recommendations to control the biological threats. Therefore, the losses caused by the disease and pest will be reduced and consequently, the yield will be improved. Evaluation results indicated that the system based on the determined forecasting methods can reduce the number of spraying times (twice instead of at least three times to control apple powdery mildew, and twice instead of four times to control apple codling moth). Therefore, the consumption of fungicides and pesticides is reduced (>33 % and up to 50 %, respectively) which will improve the quality of apples in terms of chemical residues. Moreover, this smart system can help for optimal use of agricultural water according to the tree need with optimal management and irrigation scheduling based on the set thresholds for starting and stopping irrigation. On the other hand, applying fertilization recommendations provided in the system is based on different stages of phenology that helps for optimal fertilizer consumption. In conclusion, the use of this system can help the user to reduce production costs and to increase the quantity and quality of the product by providing timely warnings and practical recommendations regarding spraying, irrigation and fertilization. Considering the effectiveness and technical capabilities, it is recommended to implement the smart monitoring and management system in apple orchards and develop it to manage other basic challenges in such orchards.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772375524003198Disease forecastingFertilizationIntelligent agricultureInternet of thingsIrrigation schedulingPest forecasting |
| spellingShingle | Bahareh Jamshidi Hossein Khabbaz Jolfaee Kazem Mohammadpour Mohsen Seilsepour Hossein Dehghanisanij Hassan Hajnajari Hossein Farazmand Alireza Atri Internet of things-based smart system for apple orchards monitoring and management Smart Agricultural Technology Disease forecasting Fertilization Intelligent agriculture Internet of things Irrigation scheduling Pest forecasting |
| title | Internet of things-based smart system for apple orchards monitoring and management |
| title_full | Internet of things-based smart system for apple orchards monitoring and management |
| title_fullStr | Internet of things-based smart system for apple orchards monitoring and management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Internet of things-based smart system for apple orchards monitoring and management |
| title_short | Internet of things-based smart system for apple orchards monitoring and management |
| title_sort | internet of things based smart system for apple orchards monitoring and management |
| topic | Disease forecasting Fertilization Intelligent agriculture Internet of things Irrigation scheduling Pest forecasting |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772375524003198 |
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