Impact of the Presence of Chronic Total Occlusions on the Survival of Patients Treated with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Although chronic total occlusions (CTO) are a common finding in patients treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), it is still not clear how their presence impacts the long-term outcomes achieved with surgery. We aimed to investigate the impact of CTO on the long-term results of patients...

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Main Authors: Albi Fagu, Joseph Kletzer, Franziska Marie Ernst, Laurin Micek, Stoyan Kondov, Maximilian Kreibich, Clarence Pingpoh, Matthias Siepe, Martin Czerny, Tim Berger
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/12/7/243
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author Albi Fagu
Joseph Kletzer
Franziska Marie Ernst
Laurin Micek
Stoyan Kondov
Maximilian Kreibich
Clarence Pingpoh
Matthias Siepe
Martin Czerny
Tim Berger
author_facet Albi Fagu
Joseph Kletzer
Franziska Marie Ernst
Laurin Micek
Stoyan Kondov
Maximilian Kreibich
Clarence Pingpoh
Matthias Siepe
Martin Czerny
Tim Berger
author_sort Albi Fagu
collection DOAJ
description Although chronic total occlusions (CTO) are a common finding in patients treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), it is still not clear how their presence impacts the long-term outcomes achieved with surgery. We aimed to investigate the impact of CTO on the long-term results of patients with coronary artery disease who underwent CABG. Patients from 2005 to 2023 operated on at the University Hospital Freiburg-Bad Krozingen were analyzed. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality after 3-, 5-, and 10 years. The secondary outcome was the need for coronary reintervention in the follow-up period. Propensity score matching and multivariable Cox regression were performed, and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to graphically display the outcomes for the two groups. Of the 3424 patients included in the analysis, 1784 (52%) were categorized as CTO and 1640 (48%) were categorized as no-CTO. After propensity scoring, 1232 pairs were successfully matched. The 3-, 5-, and 10-year all-cause mortality was significantly higher in patients with CTO (<i>p</i> = 0.028; <i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>p</i> < 0.001). The need for coronary reintervention after 3-, 5-, and 10 years was comparable in both groups. In addition, multivariable Cox Regression showed that CTO presence (HR 1.220, 95% CI 1.047–1.420, <i>p</i> = 0.010) was an independent predictor of 10-year mortality.
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spelling doaj-art-96248deb984c4e448b067b6727f4659c2025-08-20T03:07:55ZengMDPI AGJournal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease2308-34252025-06-0112724310.3390/jcdd12070243Impact of the Presence of Chronic Total Occlusions on the Survival of Patients Treated with Coronary Artery Bypass GraftingAlbi Fagu0Joseph Kletzer1Franziska Marie Ernst2Laurin Micek3Stoyan Kondov4Maximilian Kreibich5Clarence Pingpoh6Matthias Siepe7Martin Czerny8Tim Berger9Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyAlthough chronic total occlusions (CTO) are a common finding in patients treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), it is still not clear how their presence impacts the long-term outcomes achieved with surgery. We aimed to investigate the impact of CTO on the long-term results of patients with coronary artery disease who underwent CABG. Patients from 2005 to 2023 operated on at the University Hospital Freiburg-Bad Krozingen were analyzed. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality after 3-, 5-, and 10 years. The secondary outcome was the need for coronary reintervention in the follow-up period. Propensity score matching and multivariable Cox regression were performed, and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to graphically display the outcomes for the two groups. Of the 3424 patients included in the analysis, 1784 (52%) were categorized as CTO and 1640 (48%) were categorized as no-CTO. After propensity scoring, 1232 pairs were successfully matched. The 3-, 5-, and 10-year all-cause mortality was significantly higher in patients with CTO (<i>p</i> = 0.028; <i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>p</i> < 0.001). The need for coronary reintervention after 3-, 5-, and 10 years was comparable in both groups. In addition, multivariable Cox Regression showed that CTO presence (HR 1.220, 95% CI 1.047–1.420, <i>p</i> = 0.010) was an independent predictor of 10-year mortality.https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/12/7/243coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)chronic total occlusion (CTO)coronary revascularization
spellingShingle Albi Fagu
Joseph Kletzer
Franziska Marie Ernst
Laurin Micek
Stoyan Kondov
Maximilian Kreibich
Clarence Pingpoh
Matthias Siepe
Martin Czerny
Tim Berger
Impact of the Presence of Chronic Total Occlusions on the Survival of Patients Treated with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
chronic total occlusion (CTO)
coronary revascularization
title Impact of the Presence of Chronic Total Occlusions on the Survival of Patients Treated with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
title_full Impact of the Presence of Chronic Total Occlusions on the Survival of Patients Treated with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
title_fullStr Impact of the Presence of Chronic Total Occlusions on the Survival of Patients Treated with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
title_full_unstemmed Impact of the Presence of Chronic Total Occlusions on the Survival of Patients Treated with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
title_short Impact of the Presence of Chronic Total Occlusions on the Survival of Patients Treated with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
title_sort impact of the presence of chronic total occlusions on the survival of patients treated with coronary artery bypass grafting
topic coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
chronic total occlusion (CTO)
coronary revascularization
url https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/12/7/243
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