Algebraic Linear Analysis for Number Theoretic Transform in Lattice-Based Cryptography

The topic of verifying postquantum cryptographic software has never been more pressing than today between the new NIST postquantum cryptosystem standards being finalized and various countries issuing directives to switch to postquantum or at least hybrid cryptography in a decade. One critical issue...

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Main Authors: Chun-Ming Chiu, Jiaxiang Liu, Ming-Hsien Tsai, Xiaomu Shi, Bow-Yaw Wang, Bo-Yin Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Ruhr-Universität Bochum 2025-06-01
Series:Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
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Online Access:https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/view/12230
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author Chun-Ming Chiu
Jiaxiang Liu
Ming-Hsien Tsai
Xiaomu Shi
Bow-Yaw Wang
Bo-Yin Yang
author_facet Chun-Ming Chiu
Jiaxiang Liu
Ming-Hsien Tsai
Xiaomu Shi
Bow-Yaw Wang
Bo-Yin Yang
author_sort Chun-Ming Chiu
collection DOAJ
description The topic of verifying postquantum cryptographic software has never been more pressing than today between the new NIST postquantum cryptosystem standards being finalized and various countries issuing directives to switch to postquantum or at least hybrid cryptography in a decade. One critical issue in verifying lattice-based cryptographic software is range-checking in the finite-field arithmetic assembly code which occurs frequently in highly optimized cryptographic software. For the most part these have been handled by Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT) but so far they mostly are restricted to Montgomery arithmetic and 16-bit precision. We add semi-automatic range-check reasoning capability to the CryptoLine toolkit via the Integer Set Library (wrapped via the python package islpy) which makes it easier and faster to verify more arithmetic crypto code, including Barrett and Plantard finite-field arithmetic, and show experimentally that this is viable on production code.
format Article
id doaj-art-9619f7dde6ae4a9d87f2831e5fa3b311
institution Kabale University
issn 2569-2925
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Ruhr-Universität Bochum
record_format Article
series Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
spelling doaj-art-9619f7dde6ae4a9d87f2831e5fa3b3112025-08-20T03:26:16ZengRuhr-Universität BochumTransactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems2569-29252025-06-012025310.46586/tches.v2025.i3.668-692Algebraic Linear Analysis for Number Theoretic Transform in Lattice-Based CryptographyChun-Ming Chiu0Jiaxiang Liu1Ming-Hsien Tsai2Xiaomu Shi3Bow-Yaw Wang4Bo-Yin Yang5National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanKey Laboratory of System Software (Chinese Academy of Sciences) and State Key Laboratory of Computer Science, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaNational Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, TaiwanKey Laboratory of System Software (Chinese Academy of Sciences) and State Key Laboratory of Computer Science, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaAcademia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanAcademia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan The topic of verifying postquantum cryptographic software has never been more pressing than today between the new NIST postquantum cryptosystem standards being finalized and various countries issuing directives to switch to postquantum or at least hybrid cryptography in a decade. One critical issue in verifying lattice-based cryptographic software is range-checking in the finite-field arithmetic assembly code which occurs frequently in highly optimized cryptographic software. For the most part these have been handled by Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT) but so far they mostly are restricted to Montgomery arithmetic and 16-bit precision. We add semi-automatic range-check reasoning capability to the CryptoLine toolkit via the Integer Set Library (wrapped via the python package islpy) which makes it easier and faster to verify more arithmetic crypto code, including Barrett and Plantard finite-field arithmetic, and show experimentally that this is viable on production code. https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/view/12230Integer Set LibraryCryptoLineFormal VerificationAssembly Code
spellingShingle Chun-Ming Chiu
Jiaxiang Liu
Ming-Hsien Tsai
Xiaomu Shi
Bow-Yaw Wang
Bo-Yin Yang
Algebraic Linear Analysis for Number Theoretic Transform in Lattice-Based Cryptography
Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Integer Set Library
CryptoLine
Formal Verification
Assembly Code
title Algebraic Linear Analysis for Number Theoretic Transform in Lattice-Based Cryptography
title_full Algebraic Linear Analysis for Number Theoretic Transform in Lattice-Based Cryptography
title_fullStr Algebraic Linear Analysis for Number Theoretic Transform in Lattice-Based Cryptography
title_full_unstemmed Algebraic Linear Analysis for Number Theoretic Transform in Lattice-Based Cryptography
title_short Algebraic Linear Analysis for Number Theoretic Transform in Lattice-Based Cryptography
title_sort algebraic linear analysis for number theoretic transform in lattice based cryptography
topic Integer Set Library
CryptoLine
Formal Verification
Assembly Code
url https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/view/12230
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