A novel pixel antenna by using a genetic algorithm for Wi-Fi 6E applications

The number of wireless devices is increasing daily, and these gadgets have become indispensable in people’s daily lives, requiring speedy and unlimited internet access. This may cause the currently used frequency bands to be insufficient or overcrowded. Adding the 6 GHz spectrum as a Wi-Fi 6E may as...

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Main Authors: Kayhan Çelik, Bekir Dursun, Javed Iqbal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215098625001272
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author Kayhan Çelik
Bekir Dursun
Javed Iqbal
author_facet Kayhan Çelik
Bekir Dursun
Javed Iqbal
author_sort Kayhan Çelik
collection DOAJ
description The number of wireless devices is increasing daily, and these gadgets have become indispensable in people’s daily lives, requiring speedy and unlimited internet access. This may cause the currently used frequency bands to be insufficient or overcrowded. Adding the 6 GHz spectrum as a Wi-Fi 6E may assist in reducing traffic on other bands. However, the large bandwidth raises antenna design difficulties, and this article brings a new antenna proposal to this issue. It is a novel pixel patch antenna optimized by a metaheuristic optimization algorithm for Wi-Fi 6E applications. The shape of the radiating patch is determined using genetics, which is a basic algorithm based on population to achieve wideband operation. The antenna radiating element is divided into small pixel-shaped squares, then, some of them are removed for broadband operation. The antenna is constructed with the FR4 dielectric material, and it has a compact volume of 25 x 25 x 1.6 mm3. The measured impedance bandwidth of the antenna varies between 5.75 GHz and 8.46 GHz, with the maximum radiation efficiency and a gain of values of 67 % and 4.5 dBi. As a result, the suggested antenna may be employed for Wi-Fi 6E applications.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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series Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal
spelling doaj-art-960c04d64e2744c5a6c24a6ddbc7ad8f2025-08-20T03:12:08ZengElsevierEngineering Science and Technology, an International Journal2215-09862025-07-016710207210.1016/j.jestch.2025.102072A novel pixel antenna by using a genetic algorithm for Wi-Fi 6E applicationsKayhan Çelik0Bekir Dursun1Javed Iqbal2Gazi University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 06560 Ankara, Türkiye; Corresponding author.Trakya University, Edirne Technical Sciences Vocational College, Department of Electrical and Energy, Edirne, TürkiyeElectrical Engineering Department, FET, Gomal University, D.I.Khan 25090, PakistanThe number of wireless devices is increasing daily, and these gadgets have become indispensable in people’s daily lives, requiring speedy and unlimited internet access. This may cause the currently used frequency bands to be insufficient or overcrowded. Adding the 6 GHz spectrum as a Wi-Fi 6E may assist in reducing traffic on other bands. However, the large bandwidth raises antenna design difficulties, and this article brings a new antenna proposal to this issue. It is a novel pixel patch antenna optimized by a metaheuristic optimization algorithm for Wi-Fi 6E applications. The shape of the radiating patch is determined using genetics, which is a basic algorithm based on population to achieve wideband operation. The antenna radiating element is divided into small pixel-shaped squares, then, some of them are removed for broadband operation. The antenna is constructed with the FR4 dielectric material, and it has a compact volume of 25 x 25 x 1.6 mm3. The measured impedance bandwidth of the antenna varies between 5.75 GHz and 8.46 GHz, with the maximum radiation efficiency and a gain of values of 67 % and 4.5 dBi. As a result, the suggested antenna may be employed for Wi-Fi 6E applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215098625001272Wi-Fi 6EPatch antennaPixel antennaGenetic algorithm
spellingShingle Kayhan Çelik
Bekir Dursun
Javed Iqbal
A novel pixel antenna by using a genetic algorithm for Wi-Fi 6E applications
Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal
Wi-Fi 6E
Patch antenna
Pixel antenna
Genetic algorithm
title A novel pixel antenna by using a genetic algorithm for Wi-Fi 6E applications
title_full A novel pixel antenna by using a genetic algorithm for Wi-Fi 6E applications
title_fullStr A novel pixel antenna by using a genetic algorithm for Wi-Fi 6E applications
title_full_unstemmed A novel pixel antenna by using a genetic algorithm for Wi-Fi 6E applications
title_short A novel pixel antenna by using a genetic algorithm for Wi-Fi 6E applications
title_sort novel pixel antenna by using a genetic algorithm for wi fi 6e applications
topic Wi-Fi 6E
Patch antenna
Pixel antenna
Genetic algorithm
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215098625001272
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