MMP-9 Concentration in Peritoneal Fluid Is a Valuable Biomarker Associated with Endotoxemia in Equine Colic

The purpose of the study was to compare the results of sepsis scoring (clinical examination and clinical pathology) to the concentrations of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2, -8, and -9; tissue-inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) -1 and -2; and inflammatory chemokines interleukin (IL) 1β and...

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Main Authors: Ann Kristin Barton, Ina-Gabriele Richter, Tanja Ahrens, Roswitha Merle, Abdollah Alalwani, Svenja Lilge, Katrin Purschke, Dirk Barnewitz, Heidrun Gehlen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2021-01-01
Series:Mediators of Inflammation
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9501478
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author Ann Kristin Barton
Ina-Gabriele Richter
Tanja Ahrens
Roswitha Merle
Abdollah Alalwani
Svenja Lilge
Katrin Purschke
Dirk Barnewitz
Heidrun Gehlen
author_facet Ann Kristin Barton
Ina-Gabriele Richter
Tanja Ahrens
Roswitha Merle
Abdollah Alalwani
Svenja Lilge
Katrin Purschke
Dirk Barnewitz
Heidrun Gehlen
author_sort Ann Kristin Barton
collection DOAJ
description The purpose of the study was to compare the results of sepsis scoring (clinical examination and clinical pathology) to the concentrations of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2, -8, and -9; tissue-inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) -1 and -2; and inflammatory chemokines interleukin (IL) 1β and tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNF-α) in plasma and peritoneal fluid of equine colic patients. A modified sepsis scoring including general condition, heart and respiratory rate, rectal temperature, mucous membranes, white blood cell count (WBC), and ionized calcium was applied in 47 horses presented with clinical signs of colic. Using this scoring system, horses were classified as negative (n=32, ≤6/19 points), questionable (n=9, 7-9/19 points), or positive (n=6, ≥10/19 points) for sepsis. MMPs, TIMPs, IL-1β, and TNF-α concentrations were evaluated in plasma and peritoneal fluid using species-specific sandwich ELISA kits. In a linear discriminant analysis, all parameters of sepsis scoring apart from calcium separated well between sepsis severity groups (P<0.05). MMP-9 was the only biomarker of high diagnostic value, while all others remained insignificant. A significant influence of overall sepsis scoring on MMP-9 was found for peritoneal fluid (P=0.005) with a regression coefficient of 0.092, while no association was found for plasma (P=0.085). Using a MMP-9 concentration of >113 ng/ml in the peritoneal fluid was found to be the ideal cutoff to identify positive sepsis scoring (≥10/19 points; sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 82.9%). In conclusion, MMP-9 was found to be a biomarker of high diagnostic value for sepsis and endotoxemia in equine colic. The evaluation of peritoneal fluid seems preferable in comparison to plasma. As abdominocentesis is commonly performed in the diagnostic work-up of equine colic, a pen-side assay would be useful and easy-to-perform diagnostic support in the decision for therapeutic intervention.
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spelling doaj-art-9609e5e196ff4786905760c3f633e4fc2025-08-20T02:10:16ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612021-01-01202110.1155/2021/95014789501478MMP-9 Concentration in Peritoneal Fluid Is a Valuable Biomarker Associated with Endotoxemia in Equine ColicAnn Kristin Barton0Ina-Gabriele Richter1Tanja Ahrens2Roswitha Merle3Abdollah Alalwani4Svenja Lilge5Katrin Purschke6Dirk Barnewitz7Heidrun Gehlen8Equine Clinic, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, GermanyResearch Centre of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Bad Langensalza, GermanyEquine Clinic, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, GermanyInstitute for Veterinary Epidemiology, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, GermanyEquine Clinic, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, GermanyEquine Clinic, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, GermanyEquine Clinic, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, GermanyResearch Centre of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Bad Langensalza, GermanyEquine Clinic, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, GermanyThe purpose of the study was to compare the results of sepsis scoring (clinical examination and clinical pathology) to the concentrations of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2, -8, and -9; tissue-inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) -1 and -2; and inflammatory chemokines interleukin (IL) 1β and tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNF-α) in plasma and peritoneal fluid of equine colic patients. A modified sepsis scoring including general condition, heart and respiratory rate, rectal temperature, mucous membranes, white blood cell count (WBC), and ionized calcium was applied in 47 horses presented with clinical signs of colic. Using this scoring system, horses were classified as negative (n=32, ≤6/19 points), questionable (n=9, 7-9/19 points), or positive (n=6, ≥10/19 points) for sepsis. MMPs, TIMPs, IL-1β, and TNF-α concentrations were evaluated in plasma and peritoneal fluid using species-specific sandwich ELISA kits. In a linear discriminant analysis, all parameters of sepsis scoring apart from calcium separated well between sepsis severity groups (P<0.05). MMP-9 was the only biomarker of high diagnostic value, while all others remained insignificant. A significant influence of overall sepsis scoring on MMP-9 was found for peritoneal fluid (P=0.005) with a regression coefficient of 0.092, while no association was found for plasma (P=0.085). Using a MMP-9 concentration of >113 ng/ml in the peritoneal fluid was found to be the ideal cutoff to identify positive sepsis scoring (≥10/19 points; sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 82.9%). In conclusion, MMP-9 was found to be a biomarker of high diagnostic value for sepsis and endotoxemia in equine colic. The evaluation of peritoneal fluid seems preferable in comparison to plasma. As abdominocentesis is commonly performed in the diagnostic work-up of equine colic, a pen-side assay would be useful and easy-to-perform diagnostic support in the decision for therapeutic intervention.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9501478
spellingShingle Ann Kristin Barton
Ina-Gabriele Richter
Tanja Ahrens
Roswitha Merle
Abdollah Alalwani
Svenja Lilge
Katrin Purschke
Dirk Barnewitz
Heidrun Gehlen
MMP-9 Concentration in Peritoneal Fluid Is a Valuable Biomarker Associated with Endotoxemia in Equine Colic
Mediators of Inflammation
title MMP-9 Concentration in Peritoneal Fluid Is a Valuable Biomarker Associated with Endotoxemia in Equine Colic
title_full MMP-9 Concentration in Peritoneal Fluid Is a Valuable Biomarker Associated with Endotoxemia in Equine Colic
title_fullStr MMP-9 Concentration in Peritoneal Fluid Is a Valuable Biomarker Associated with Endotoxemia in Equine Colic
title_full_unstemmed MMP-9 Concentration in Peritoneal Fluid Is a Valuable Biomarker Associated with Endotoxemia in Equine Colic
title_short MMP-9 Concentration in Peritoneal Fluid Is a Valuable Biomarker Associated with Endotoxemia in Equine Colic
title_sort mmp 9 concentration in peritoneal fluid is a valuable biomarker associated with endotoxemia in equine colic
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9501478
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