Implications of human‐nature interactions for livelihoods and conservation in Kasungu, Malawi

Abstract Effective conservation strategies require a comprehensive understanding of human‐nature relationships, including the factors driving these interactions. Without this context, interventions risk being impractical or ineffective, potentially leaving both people and nature worse off. We used m...

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Main Authors: Lessah Mandoloma, Michael Clark, Lauren Coad, Karl Hughes, Eleanor Jane MilnerGulland
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:People and Nature
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.70008
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author Lessah Mandoloma
Michael Clark
Lauren Coad
Karl Hughes
Eleanor Jane MilnerGulland
author_facet Lessah Mandoloma
Michael Clark
Lauren Coad
Karl Hughes
Eleanor Jane MilnerGulland
author_sort Lessah Mandoloma
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Effective conservation strategies require a comprehensive understanding of human‐nature relationships, including the factors driving these interactions. Without this context, interventions risk being impractical or ineffective, potentially leaving both people and nature worse off. We used mixed methods to understand human‐nature interactions in Kasungu, Malawi. We specifically examined people's use of natural resources and perceptions of wildlife conservation and their implications for livelihoods and conservation. Over 90% of participants reported collecting natural resources such as firewood, grass, medicinal plants and fruits to support their livelihoods. While most resources were collected for household use, some served both income generation and domestic purposes. Kasungu National Park plays a critical role in providing resources, though harvesting is illegal, alongside neighbouring farms and community forests. Households near the park, women and those of lower economic status were more likely to rely on the park for resources. Additionally, crop and livestock loss experiences were linked to higher resource collection rates. Participants generally expressed positive attitudes towards wildlife and conservation. However, certain factors including proximity to the park, women, food insecurity, and crop and livestock loss were linked to negative attitudes. Our findings offer valuable insights for the design and implementation of conservation initiatives and policies, particularly in communities heavily dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods. Conservation programmes and policies around protected areas should capitalise on the existing positive attitudes towards nature by fostering better community engagement. Locally led, inclusive and nature‐positive programmes could simultaneously benefit conservation efforts and improve livelihoods. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
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spelling doaj-art-9606a0ecae884f6a970a9c016554b57e2025-08-20T02:12:20ZengWileyPeople and Nature2575-83142025-03-017370071410.1002/pan3.70008Implications of human‐nature interactions for livelihoods and conservation in Kasungu, MalawiLessah Mandoloma0Michael Clark1Lauren Coad2Karl Hughes3Eleanor Jane MilnerGulland4Department of Biology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science (ICCS) University of Oxford Oxford UKDepartment of Biology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science (ICCS) University of Oxford Oxford UKDepartment of Biology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science (ICCS) University of Oxford Oxford UKCentre for International Forest Research and World Agroforestry Centre (CIFOR‐ICRAF) Nairobi KenyaDepartment of Biology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science (ICCS) University of Oxford Oxford UKAbstract Effective conservation strategies require a comprehensive understanding of human‐nature relationships, including the factors driving these interactions. Without this context, interventions risk being impractical or ineffective, potentially leaving both people and nature worse off. We used mixed methods to understand human‐nature interactions in Kasungu, Malawi. We specifically examined people's use of natural resources and perceptions of wildlife conservation and their implications for livelihoods and conservation. Over 90% of participants reported collecting natural resources such as firewood, grass, medicinal plants and fruits to support their livelihoods. While most resources were collected for household use, some served both income generation and domestic purposes. Kasungu National Park plays a critical role in providing resources, though harvesting is illegal, alongside neighbouring farms and community forests. Households near the park, women and those of lower economic status were more likely to rely on the park for resources. Additionally, crop and livestock loss experiences were linked to higher resource collection rates. Participants generally expressed positive attitudes towards wildlife and conservation. However, certain factors including proximity to the park, women, food insecurity, and crop and livestock loss were linked to negative attitudes. Our findings offer valuable insights for the design and implementation of conservation initiatives and policies, particularly in communities heavily dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods. Conservation programmes and policies around protected areas should capitalise on the existing positive attitudes towards nature by fostering better community engagement. Locally led, inclusive and nature‐positive programmes could simultaneously benefit conservation efforts and improve livelihoods. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.70008conservationfood securitylivelihoodsMalawinatural resources usepeople's perceptions
spellingShingle Lessah Mandoloma
Michael Clark
Lauren Coad
Karl Hughes
Eleanor Jane MilnerGulland
Implications of human‐nature interactions for livelihoods and conservation in Kasungu, Malawi
People and Nature
conservation
food security
livelihoods
Malawi
natural resources use
people's perceptions
title Implications of human‐nature interactions for livelihoods and conservation in Kasungu, Malawi
title_full Implications of human‐nature interactions for livelihoods and conservation in Kasungu, Malawi
title_fullStr Implications of human‐nature interactions for livelihoods and conservation in Kasungu, Malawi
title_full_unstemmed Implications of human‐nature interactions for livelihoods and conservation in Kasungu, Malawi
title_short Implications of human‐nature interactions for livelihoods and conservation in Kasungu, Malawi
title_sort implications of human nature interactions for livelihoods and conservation in kasungu malawi
topic conservation
food security
livelihoods
Malawi
natural resources use
people's perceptions
url https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.70008
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AT laurencoad implicationsofhumannatureinteractionsforlivelihoodsandconservationinkasungumalawi
AT karlhughes implicationsofhumannatureinteractionsforlivelihoodsandconservationinkasungumalawi
AT eleanorjanemilnergulland implicationsofhumannatureinteractionsforlivelihoodsandconservationinkasungumalawi