Path Planning of Intelligent Mobile Robots with an Improved RRT Algorithm

The Rapidly Exploring Random Tree algorithm, renowned for its randomness, asymptotic properties, and local planning capabilities, is extensively employed in autonomous driving for path planning. Addressing issues such as pronounced randomness, low search efficiency, inefficient utilization of effect...

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Main Authors: Wenliang Zhu, Guanming Qiu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3370
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author Wenliang Zhu
Guanming Qiu
author_facet Wenliang Zhu
Guanming Qiu
author_sort Wenliang Zhu
collection DOAJ
description The Rapidly Exploring Random Tree algorithm, renowned for its randomness, asymptotic properties, and local planning capabilities, is extensively employed in autonomous driving for path planning. Addressing issues such as pronounced randomness, low search efficiency, inefficient utilization of effective points, suboptimal path smoothness, and potential deviations from the optimal path in the RRT algorithm based on random sampling, we proposed an optimization algorithm that integrates Kalman filtering to eliminate redundant points along the path. Initially, this algorithm addresses the issue of inverse growth in the RRT algorithm’s search tree by implementing a variable steering angle strategy, thereby minimizing oscillations and unnecessary pose adjustments. Secondly, by merging collision detection with Kalman filtering, and by comparing the step sizes between newly generated child nodes and random tree nodes towards the root node, we filtered redundant points from the path, thereby reducing the count of effective points and optimizing the path. Lastly, we utilized a second-order Bezier curve to smoothen the path, eliminating sharp corners and discontinuities, ultimately yielding the optimal path. Across diverse map environments and two distinct dimensional scenarios, we conducted multiple sets of simulation experiments to validate the algorithm’s feasibility. The experimental outcomes demonstrate notable improvements in parameters like average path length, average planning time, average count of effective points, and average sampling points, highlighting the enhanced accuracy and efficiency of the improved algorithm in path planning.
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spelling doaj-art-96044dea1c07436fbb497cd88bd661dc2025-08-20T02:42:35ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01156337010.3390/app15063370Path Planning of Intelligent Mobile Robots with an Improved RRT AlgorithmWenliang Zhu0Guanming Qiu1School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Cangwu Road No. 59, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Cangwu Road No. 59, Lianyungang 222005, ChinaThe Rapidly Exploring Random Tree algorithm, renowned for its randomness, asymptotic properties, and local planning capabilities, is extensively employed in autonomous driving for path planning. Addressing issues such as pronounced randomness, low search efficiency, inefficient utilization of effective points, suboptimal path smoothness, and potential deviations from the optimal path in the RRT algorithm based on random sampling, we proposed an optimization algorithm that integrates Kalman filtering to eliminate redundant points along the path. Initially, this algorithm addresses the issue of inverse growth in the RRT algorithm’s search tree by implementing a variable steering angle strategy, thereby minimizing oscillations and unnecessary pose adjustments. Secondly, by merging collision detection with Kalman filtering, and by comparing the step sizes between newly generated child nodes and random tree nodes towards the root node, we filtered redundant points from the path, thereby reducing the count of effective points and optimizing the path. Lastly, we utilized a second-order Bezier curve to smoothen the path, eliminating sharp corners and discontinuities, ultimately yielding the optimal path. Across diverse map environments and two distinct dimensional scenarios, we conducted multiple sets of simulation experiments to validate the algorithm’s feasibility. The experimental outcomes demonstrate notable improvements in parameters like average path length, average planning time, average count of effective points, and average sampling points, highlighting the enhanced accuracy and efficiency of the improved algorithm in path planning.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3370automatic drivingpath planningRapidly Exploring Random Tree (RRT)Bessel curveKalman filter
spellingShingle Wenliang Zhu
Guanming Qiu
Path Planning of Intelligent Mobile Robots with an Improved RRT Algorithm
Applied Sciences
automatic driving
path planning
Rapidly Exploring Random Tree (RRT)
Bessel curve
Kalman filter
title Path Planning of Intelligent Mobile Robots with an Improved RRT Algorithm
title_full Path Planning of Intelligent Mobile Robots with an Improved RRT Algorithm
title_fullStr Path Planning of Intelligent Mobile Robots with an Improved RRT Algorithm
title_full_unstemmed Path Planning of Intelligent Mobile Robots with an Improved RRT Algorithm
title_short Path Planning of Intelligent Mobile Robots with an Improved RRT Algorithm
title_sort path planning of intelligent mobile robots with an improved rrt algorithm
topic automatic driving
path planning
Rapidly Exploring Random Tree (RRT)
Bessel curve
Kalman filter
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3370
work_keys_str_mv AT wenliangzhu pathplanningofintelligentmobilerobotswithanimprovedrrtalgorithm
AT guanmingqiu pathplanningofintelligentmobilerobotswithanimprovedrrtalgorithm