Characteristics of the IBEX Ribbon and Their Implications for a Source Region Outside the Heliopause
This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the Interstellar Boundary Explorer energetic neutral atom (ENA) ribbon, focusing on its spatial and temporal variations over 14 yr. Methodological advancements, including a refined map modeling procedure and a new ribbon separation technique with ap...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada36a |
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| author | Sung Jun Noh Daniel B. Reisenfeld Lauren J. Beesley Yue Chen Fan Guo Herbert O. Funsten Paul H. Janzen Thomas K. Kim Asher Merrill Dave Osthus Nehpreet K. Walia Eric J. Zirnstein |
| author_facet | Sung Jun Noh Daniel B. Reisenfeld Lauren J. Beesley Yue Chen Fan Guo Herbert O. Funsten Paul H. Janzen Thomas K. Kim Asher Merrill Dave Osthus Nehpreet K. Walia Eric J. Zirnstein |
| author_sort | Sung Jun Noh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the Interstellar Boundary Explorer energetic neutral atom (ENA) ribbon, focusing on its spatial and temporal variations over 14 yr. Methodological advancements, including a refined map modeling procedure and a new ribbon separation technique with appropriate error propagation, enable a detailed investigation of the ribbon’s features. Utilizing statistically robust metrics, this study reveals details of the ribbon across energy and time. Key findings include energy- and time-dependent variations in flux, angular radius, ribbon profile width, and higher moments. By applying these metrics, we reveal new complexity to the evolution of the ribbon over time, highlighting the nuanced relationship between it and the solar wind. Furthermore, the study examines for the first time the ribbon as it passes through the starboard/heliotail region (Lon _EC 120°–180°), revealing properties distinct from other portions of the ribbon. The analysis uncovers an anticorrelation between ribbon width and flux, which provides quantitative support for a multisource ribbon created by a combination of solar wind neutrals that generate a spatiall narrow ribbon component and heliosheath neutrals giving rise to a broad component. Finally, differences in the temporal evolution of the ENA flux at different energies provide additional support that the location of the ribbon source region is beyond the heliopause. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-95f849e6615d48fa80f8c93da1d1f7dc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-95f849e6615d48fa80f8c93da1d1f7dc2025-02-01T14:14:46ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-019801810.3847/1538-4357/ada36aCharacteristics of the IBEX Ribbon and Their Implications for a Source Region Outside the HeliopauseSung Jun Noh0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8032-7833Daniel B. Reisenfeld1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1874-9450Lauren J. Beesley2Yue Chen3Fan Guo4Herbert O. Funsten5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6817-1039Paul H. Janzen6Thomas K. Kim7Asher Merrill8Dave Osthus9Nehpreet K. Walia10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7296-5288Eric J. Zirnstein11https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7240-0618Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, USALos Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, USALos Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, USALos Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, USALos Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, USALos Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, USAUniversity of Montana , Missoula, MT, USALos Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, USAUniversity of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, USALos Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, USALos Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, USAPrinceton University , Princeton, NJ, USAThis paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the Interstellar Boundary Explorer energetic neutral atom (ENA) ribbon, focusing on its spatial and temporal variations over 14 yr. Methodological advancements, including a refined map modeling procedure and a new ribbon separation technique with appropriate error propagation, enable a detailed investigation of the ribbon’s features. Utilizing statistically robust metrics, this study reveals details of the ribbon across energy and time. Key findings include energy- and time-dependent variations in flux, angular radius, ribbon profile width, and higher moments. By applying these metrics, we reveal new complexity to the evolution of the ribbon over time, highlighting the nuanced relationship between it and the solar wind. Furthermore, the study examines for the first time the ribbon as it passes through the starboard/heliotail region (Lon _EC 120°–180°), revealing properties distinct from other portions of the ribbon. The analysis uncovers an anticorrelation between ribbon width and flux, which provides quantitative support for a multisource ribbon created by a combination of solar wind neutrals that generate a spatiall narrow ribbon component and heliosheath neutrals giving rise to a broad component. Finally, differences in the temporal evolution of the ENA flux at different energies provide additional support that the location of the ribbon source region is beyond the heliopause.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada36aHeliosphereInterstellar magnetic fieldsSolar wind |
| spellingShingle | Sung Jun Noh Daniel B. Reisenfeld Lauren J. Beesley Yue Chen Fan Guo Herbert O. Funsten Paul H. Janzen Thomas K. Kim Asher Merrill Dave Osthus Nehpreet K. Walia Eric J. Zirnstein Characteristics of the IBEX Ribbon and Their Implications for a Source Region Outside the Heliopause The Astrophysical Journal Heliosphere Interstellar magnetic fields Solar wind |
| title | Characteristics of the IBEX Ribbon and Their Implications for a Source Region Outside the Heliopause |
| title_full | Characteristics of the IBEX Ribbon and Their Implications for a Source Region Outside the Heliopause |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics of the IBEX Ribbon and Their Implications for a Source Region Outside the Heliopause |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of the IBEX Ribbon and Their Implications for a Source Region Outside the Heliopause |
| title_short | Characteristics of the IBEX Ribbon and Their Implications for a Source Region Outside the Heliopause |
| title_sort | characteristics of the ibex ribbon and their implications for a source region outside the heliopause |
| topic | Heliosphere Interstellar magnetic fields Solar wind |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada36a |
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