Assessment of PTSD in military personnel via machine learning based on physiological habituation in a virtual immersive environment

Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex mental health condition triggered by exposure to traumatic events that leads to physical health problems and socioeconomic impairments. Although the complex symptomatology of PTSD makes diagnosis difficult, early identification and intervent...

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Main Authors: Gauthier Pellegrin, Nicolas Ricka, Denis A. Fompeyrine, Thomas Rohaly, Leah Enders, Heather Roy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91916-x
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author Gauthier Pellegrin
Nicolas Ricka
Denis A. Fompeyrine
Thomas Rohaly
Leah Enders
Heather Roy
author_facet Gauthier Pellegrin
Nicolas Ricka
Denis A. Fompeyrine
Thomas Rohaly
Leah Enders
Heather Roy
author_sort Gauthier Pellegrin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex mental health condition triggered by exposure to traumatic events that leads to physical health problems and socioeconomic impairments. Although the complex symptomatology of PTSD makes diagnosis difficult, early identification and intervention are crucial to mitigate the long-term effects of PTSD and provide appropriate treatment. In this study, we explored the potential for physiological habituation to stressful events to predict PTSD status. We used passive physiological data collected from 21 active-duty United States military personnel and veterans in an immersive virtual environment with high-stress combat-related conditions involving trigger events such as explosions or flashbangs. In our work, we proposed a quantitative measure of habituation to stressful events that can be quantitatively estimated through physiological data such as heart rate, galvanic skin response and eye blinking. Using a Gaussian process classifier, we prove that habituation to stressful events is a predictor of PTSD status, measured via the PTSD Checklist Military version (PCL-M). Our algorithm achieved an accuracy of 80.95% across our cohort. These findings suggest that passively collected physiological data may provide a noninvasive and objective method to identify individuals with PTSD. These physiological markers could improve both the detection and treatment of PTSD.
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spelling doaj-art-95f2a034b7594be9b6dbf8f35a51bdc62025-08-20T01:57:45ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-91916-xAssessment of PTSD in military personnel via machine learning based on physiological habituation in a virtual immersive environmentGauthier Pellegrin0Nicolas Ricka1Denis A. Fompeyrine2Thomas Rohaly3Leah Enders4Heather Roy5MyndBlueMyndBlueMyndBlueDCS CorporationHuman in Complex Systems Division, DEVCOM Army Research LaboratoryHuman in Complex Systems Division, DEVCOM Army Research LaboratoryAbstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex mental health condition triggered by exposure to traumatic events that leads to physical health problems and socioeconomic impairments. Although the complex symptomatology of PTSD makes diagnosis difficult, early identification and intervention are crucial to mitigate the long-term effects of PTSD and provide appropriate treatment. In this study, we explored the potential for physiological habituation to stressful events to predict PTSD status. We used passive physiological data collected from 21 active-duty United States military personnel and veterans in an immersive virtual environment with high-stress combat-related conditions involving trigger events such as explosions or flashbangs. In our work, we proposed a quantitative measure of habituation to stressful events that can be quantitatively estimated through physiological data such as heart rate, galvanic skin response and eye blinking. Using a Gaussian process classifier, we prove that habituation to stressful events is a predictor of PTSD status, measured via the PTSD Checklist Military version (PCL-M). Our algorithm achieved an accuracy of 80.95% across our cohort. These findings suggest that passively collected physiological data may provide a noninvasive and objective method to identify individuals with PTSD. These physiological markers could improve both the detection and treatment of PTSD.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91916-xPosttraumatic Stress DisorderArtificial intelligenceMachine LearningPrecision psychiatryHabituationImmersive simulation
spellingShingle Gauthier Pellegrin
Nicolas Ricka
Denis A. Fompeyrine
Thomas Rohaly
Leah Enders
Heather Roy
Assessment of PTSD in military personnel via machine learning based on physiological habituation in a virtual immersive environment
Scientific Reports
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Artificial intelligence
Machine Learning
Precision psychiatry
Habituation
Immersive simulation
title Assessment of PTSD in military personnel via machine learning based on physiological habituation in a virtual immersive environment
title_full Assessment of PTSD in military personnel via machine learning based on physiological habituation in a virtual immersive environment
title_fullStr Assessment of PTSD in military personnel via machine learning based on physiological habituation in a virtual immersive environment
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of PTSD in military personnel via machine learning based on physiological habituation in a virtual immersive environment
title_short Assessment of PTSD in military personnel via machine learning based on physiological habituation in a virtual immersive environment
title_sort assessment of ptsd in military personnel via machine learning based on physiological habituation in a virtual immersive environment
topic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Artificial intelligence
Machine Learning
Precision psychiatry
Habituation
Immersive simulation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91916-x
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