Numerical Investigation of Offshore CCUS in Deep Saline Aquifers Using Multi-Layer Injection Method: A Case Study of the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> Storage Project, China

Geological storage of CO<sub>2</sub> in offshore deep saline aquifers is widely recognized as an effective strategy for large-scale carbon emission reduction. This study aims to assess the mechanical integrity and storage efficiency of reservoirs using a multi-layer CO<sub>2</su...

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Main Authors: Jiayi Shen, Futao Mo, Zhongyi Tao, Yi Hong, Bo Gao, Tao Xuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/7/1247
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author Jiayi Shen
Futao Mo
Zhongyi Tao
Yi Hong
Bo Gao
Tao Xuan
author_facet Jiayi Shen
Futao Mo
Zhongyi Tao
Yi Hong
Bo Gao
Tao Xuan
author_sort Jiayi Shen
collection DOAJ
description Geological storage of CO<sub>2</sub> in offshore deep saline aquifers is widely recognized as an effective strategy for large-scale carbon emission reduction. This study aims to assess the mechanical integrity and storage efficiency of reservoirs using a multi-layer CO<sub>2</sub> injection method in the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> storage project which is the China’s first offshore carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) demonstration. A coupled Hydro–Mechanical (H–M) model is constructed using the TOUGH-FLAC simulator to simulate a 10-year CO<sub>2</sub> injection scenario, incorporating six vertically distributed reservoir layers. A sensitivity analysis of 14 key geological and geomechanical parameters is performed to identify the dominant factors influencing injection safety and storage capacity. The results show that a total injection rate of 30 kg/s can be sustained over a 10-year period without exceeding mechanical failure thresholds. Reservoirs 3 and 4 exhibit the greatest lateral CO<sub>2</sub> migration distances over the 10-year injection period, indicating that they are the most suitable target layers for CO<sub>2</sub> storage. The sensitivity analysis further reveals that the permeability of the reservoirs and the friction angle of the reservoirs and caprocks are the most critical parameters governing injection performance and mechanical stability.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2077-1312
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
spelling doaj-art-95bc7ad6fe80468e87448870d7a8fcb62025-08-20T03:32:32ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-06-01137124710.3390/jmse13071247Numerical Investigation of Offshore CCUS in Deep Saline Aquifers Using Multi-Layer Injection Method: A Case Study of the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> Storage Project, ChinaJiayi Shen0Futao Mo1Zhongyi Tao2Yi Hong3Bo Gao4Tao Xuan5Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaOcean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaOcean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaDonghai Laboratory, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaEngineering Technology Branch, CNOOC Energy Development Co., Ltd., Binhai 300463, ChinaEngineering Technology Branch, CNOOC Energy Development Co., Ltd., Binhai 300463, ChinaGeological storage of CO<sub>2</sub> in offshore deep saline aquifers is widely recognized as an effective strategy for large-scale carbon emission reduction. This study aims to assess the mechanical integrity and storage efficiency of reservoirs using a multi-layer CO<sub>2</sub> injection method in the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> storage project which is the China’s first offshore carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) demonstration. A coupled Hydro–Mechanical (H–M) model is constructed using the TOUGH-FLAC simulator to simulate a 10-year CO<sub>2</sub> injection scenario, incorporating six vertically distributed reservoir layers. A sensitivity analysis of 14 key geological and geomechanical parameters is performed to identify the dominant factors influencing injection safety and storage capacity. The results show that a total injection rate of 30 kg/s can be sustained over a 10-year period without exceeding mechanical failure thresholds. Reservoirs 3 and 4 exhibit the greatest lateral CO<sub>2</sub> migration distances over the 10-year injection period, indicating that they are the most suitable target layers for CO<sub>2</sub> storage. The sensitivity analysis further reveals that the permeability of the reservoirs and the friction angle of the reservoirs and caprocks are the most critical parameters governing injection performance and mechanical stability.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/7/1247CCUSdeep saline aquifersmulti-layer injectionCO<sub>2</sub> storage capacityTOUGH-FLAC
spellingShingle Jiayi Shen
Futao Mo
Zhongyi Tao
Yi Hong
Bo Gao
Tao Xuan
Numerical Investigation of Offshore CCUS in Deep Saline Aquifers Using Multi-Layer Injection Method: A Case Study of the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> Storage Project, China
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
CCUS
deep saline aquifers
multi-layer injection
CO<sub>2</sub> storage capacity
TOUGH-FLAC
title Numerical Investigation of Offshore CCUS in Deep Saline Aquifers Using Multi-Layer Injection Method: A Case Study of the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> Storage Project, China
title_full Numerical Investigation of Offshore CCUS in Deep Saline Aquifers Using Multi-Layer Injection Method: A Case Study of the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> Storage Project, China
title_fullStr Numerical Investigation of Offshore CCUS in Deep Saline Aquifers Using Multi-Layer Injection Method: A Case Study of the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> Storage Project, China
title_full_unstemmed Numerical Investigation of Offshore CCUS in Deep Saline Aquifers Using Multi-Layer Injection Method: A Case Study of the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> Storage Project, China
title_short Numerical Investigation of Offshore CCUS in Deep Saline Aquifers Using Multi-Layer Injection Method: A Case Study of the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> Storage Project, China
title_sort numerical investigation of offshore ccus in deep saline aquifers using multi layer injection method a case study of the enping 15 1 oilfield co sub 2 sub storage project china
topic CCUS
deep saline aquifers
multi-layer injection
CO<sub>2</sub> storage capacity
TOUGH-FLAC
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/7/1247
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