Numerical Investigation of Offshore CCUS in Deep Saline Aquifers Using Multi-Layer Injection Method: A Case Study of the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> Storage Project, China
Geological storage of CO<sub>2</sub> in offshore deep saline aquifers is widely recognized as an effective strategy for large-scale carbon emission reduction. This study aims to assess the mechanical integrity and storage efficiency of reservoirs using a multi-layer CO<sub>2</su...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/7/1247 |
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| author | Jiayi Shen Futao Mo Zhongyi Tao Yi Hong Bo Gao Tao Xuan |
| author_facet | Jiayi Shen Futao Mo Zhongyi Tao Yi Hong Bo Gao Tao Xuan |
| author_sort | Jiayi Shen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Geological storage of CO<sub>2</sub> in offshore deep saline aquifers is widely recognized as an effective strategy for large-scale carbon emission reduction. This study aims to assess the mechanical integrity and storage efficiency of reservoirs using a multi-layer CO<sub>2</sub> injection method in the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> storage project which is the China’s first offshore carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) demonstration. A coupled Hydro–Mechanical (H–M) model is constructed using the TOUGH-FLAC simulator to simulate a 10-year CO<sub>2</sub> injection scenario, incorporating six vertically distributed reservoir layers. A sensitivity analysis of 14 key geological and geomechanical parameters is performed to identify the dominant factors influencing injection safety and storage capacity. The results show that a total injection rate of 30 kg/s can be sustained over a 10-year period without exceeding mechanical failure thresholds. Reservoirs 3 and 4 exhibit the greatest lateral CO<sub>2</sub> migration distances over the 10-year injection period, indicating that they are the most suitable target layers for CO<sub>2</sub> storage. The sensitivity analysis further reveals that the permeability of the reservoirs and the friction angle of the reservoirs and caprocks are the most critical parameters governing injection performance and mechanical stability. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-95bc7ad6fe80468e87448870d7a8fcb6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-95bc7ad6fe80468e87448870d7a8fcb62025-08-20T03:32:32ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-06-01137124710.3390/jmse13071247Numerical Investigation of Offshore CCUS in Deep Saline Aquifers Using Multi-Layer Injection Method: A Case Study of the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> Storage Project, ChinaJiayi Shen0Futao Mo1Zhongyi Tao2Yi Hong3Bo Gao4Tao Xuan5Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaOcean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaOcean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaDonghai Laboratory, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaEngineering Technology Branch, CNOOC Energy Development Co., Ltd., Binhai 300463, ChinaEngineering Technology Branch, CNOOC Energy Development Co., Ltd., Binhai 300463, ChinaGeological storage of CO<sub>2</sub> in offshore deep saline aquifers is widely recognized as an effective strategy for large-scale carbon emission reduction. This study aims to assess the mechanical integrity and storage efficiency of reservoirs using a multi-layer CO<sub>2</sub> injection method in the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> storage project which is the China’s first offshore carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) demonstration. A coupled Hydro–Mechanical (H–M) model is constructed using the TOUGH-FLAC simulator to simulate a 10-year CO<sub>2</sub> injection scenario, incorporating six vertically distributed reservoir layers. A sensitivity analysis of 14 key geological and geomechanical parameters is performed to identify the dominant factors influencing injection safety and storage capacity. The results show that a total injection rate of 30 kg/s can be sustained over a 10-year period without exceeding mechanical failure thresholds. Reservoirs 3 and 4 exhibit the greatest lateral CO<sub>2</sub> migration distances over the 10-year injection period, indicating that they are the most suitable target layers for CO<sub>2</sub> storage. The sensitivity analysis further reveals that the permeability of the reservoirs and the friction angle of the reservoirs and caprocks are the most critical parameters governing injection performance and mechanical stability.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/7/1247CCUSdeep saline aquifersmulti-layer injectionCO<sub>2</sub> storage capacityTOUGH-FLAC |
| spellingShingle | Jiayi Shen Futao Mo Zhongyi Tao Yi Hong Bo Gao Tao Xuan Numerical Investigation of Offshore CCUS in Deep Saline Aquifers Using Multi-Layer Injection Method: A Case Study of the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> Storage Project, China Journal of Marine Science and Engineering CCUS deep saline aquifers multi-layer injection CO<sub>2</sub> storage capacity TOUGH-FLAC |
| title | Numerical Investigation of Offshore CCUS in Deep Saline Aquifers Using Multi-Layer Injection Method: A Case Study of the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> Storage Project, China |
| title_full | Numerical Investigation of Offshore CCUS in Deep Saline Aquifers Using Multi-Layer Injection Method: A Case Study of the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> Storage Project, China |
| title_fullStr | Numerical Investigation of Offshore CCUS in Deep Saline Aquifers Using Multi-Layer Injection Method: A Case Study of the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> Storage Project, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Numerical Investigation of Offshore CCUS in Deep Saline Aquifers Using Multi-Layer Injection Method: A Case Study of the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> Storage Project, China |
| title_short | Numerical Investigation of Offshore CCUS in Deep Saline Aquifers Using Multi-Layer Injection Method: A Case Study of the Enping 15-1 Oilfield CO<sub>2</sub> Storage Project, China |
| title_sort | numerical investigation of offshore ccus in deep saline aquifers using multi layer injection method a case study of the enping 15 1 oilfield co sub 2 sub storage project china |
| topic | CCUS deep saline aquifers multi-layer injection CO<sub>2</sub> storage capacity TOUGH-FLAC |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/7/1247 |
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