Multi-platform diagnostic strategy and biosecurity as basis of contagious agalactia control programs in endemic areas
Abstract Background Control strategies against contagious agalactia (CA), considered one of the most important diseases affecting small ruminants in countries surrounding the Mediterranean, are mainly based on traditional strategies considered suboptimal such as the use of inactivated vaccines and a...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Irish Veterinary Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13620-025-00288-1 |
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| author | Christian De la Fe Ana Grau Olga Minguez Antonio Sánchez Rosario Esquivel Juan C. Corrales |
| author_facet | Christian De la Fe Ana Grau Olga Minguez Antonio Sánchez Rosario Esquivel Juan C. Corrales |
| author_sort | Christian De la Fe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Control strategies against contagious agalactia (CA), considered one of the most important diseases affecting small ruminants in countries surrounding the Mediterranean, are mainly based on traditional strategies considered suboptimal such as the use of inactivated vaccines and antibiotics. This manuscript analysed the efficacy of an alternative non-mandatory official control programme based on a multi-platform diagnostic panel and biosecurity developed and started in 185 herds placed in a contagious agalactia endemic area of Spain, using the data of 74,080 samples collected and analysed during a 4 years-period (2018–2021). Results Globally, the combined analyses of bulk tank milk (BTM), ear or nasal swabs (in goats or sheep, respectively) and the serology to detect Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma), allowed the detection of 40.54% of positive farms (n = 75), with Ma the species always detected in sheep (100%) and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc, 68,8%), Ma (29,3%) or both of them (1,9%) in goats. Taking into account productive aptitude and vaccination against CA, the use of BTM, ear or nasal swabs, and serology for herd classification demonstrated either a lack of concordance or only weak concordance. In herds that did not vaccinate, the classification of positives by male serology or swab detection showed moderate concordance. Vaccination against AC proved to be a protective factor against the occurrence of herds with bucks or rams testing positive. Conclusions Since the different diagnostic techniques are not interchangeable, it is necessary to apply a multi-platform diagnostic panel for the accurate classification of herds. Based on official classification, strict biosecurity standards, including the prohibition of the entry of animals with unknown health status, allowed the completion of the CA control program. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-95afbf73d11e4e38a86199946b2e495d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2046-0481 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Irish Veterinary Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-95afbf73d11e4e38a86199946b2e495d2025-01-19T12:25:31ZengBMCIrish Veterinary Journal2046-04812025-01-017811910.1186/s13620-025-00288-1Multi-platform diagnostic strategy and biosecurity as basis of contagious agalactia control programs in endemic areasChristian De la Fe0Ana Grau1Olga Minguez2Antonio Sánchez3Rosario Esquivel4Juan C. Corrales5Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de MurciaServicio de Sanidad Animal de la Dirección General de Producción Agrícola y Ganadera de la Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería y Desarrollo Rural de la Junta de Castilla y LeónDirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad de la Junta de Castilla y LeónDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de MurciaServicio de Sanidad Animal de la Dirección General de Producción Agrícola y Ganadera de la Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería y Desarrollo Rural de la Junta de Castilla y LeónDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de MurciaAbstract Background Control strategies against contagious agalactia (CA), considered one of the most important diseases affecting small ruminants in countries surrounding the Mediterranean, are mainly based on traditional strategies considered suboptimal such as the use of inactivated vaccines and antibiotics. This manuscript analysed the efficacy of an alternative non-mandatory official control programme based on a multi-platform diagnostic panel and biosecurity developed and started in 185 herds placed in a contagious agalactia endemic area of Spain, using the data of 74,080 samples collected and analysed during a 4 years-period (2018–2021). Results Globally, the combined analyses of bulk tank milk (BTM), ear or nasal swabs (in goats or sheep, respectively) and the serology to detect Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma), allowed the detection of 40.54% of positive farms (n = 75), with Ma the species always detected in sheep (100%) and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc, 68,8%), Ma (29,3%) or both of them (1,9%) in goats. Taking into account productive aptitude and vaccination against CA, the use of BTM, ear or nasal swabs, and serology for herd classification demonstrated either a lack of concordance or only weak concordance. In herds that did not vaccinate, the classification of positives by male serology or swab detection showed moderate concordance. Vaccination against AC proved to be a protective factor against the occurrence of herds with bucks or rams testing positive. Conclusions Since the different diagnostic techniques are not interchangeable, it is necessary to apply a multi-platform diagnostic panel for the accurate classification of herds. Based on official classification, strict biosecurity standards, including the prohibition of the entry of animals with unknown health status, allowed the completion of the CA control program.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13620-025-00288-1Contagious agalactiaSmall ruminantsControl programMycoplasma |
| spellingShingle | Christian De la Fe Ana Grau Olga Minguez Antonio Sánchez Rosario Esquivel Juan C. Corrales Multi-platform diagnostic strategy and biosecurity as basis of contagious agalactia control programs in endemic areas Irish Veterinary Journal Contagious agalactia Small ruminants Control program Mycoplasma |
| title | Multi-platform diagnostic strategy and biosecurity as basis of contagious agalactia control programs in endemic areas |
| title_full | Multi-platform diagnostic strategy and biosecurity as basis of contagious agalactia control programs in endemic areas |
| title_fullStr | Multi-platform diagnostic strategy and biosecurity as basis of contagious agalactia control programs in endemic areas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-platform diagnostic strategy and biosecurity as basis of contagious agalactia control programs in endemic areas |
| title_short | Multi-platform diagnostic strategy and biosecurity as basis of contagious agalactia control programs in endemic areas |
| title_sort | multi platform diagnostic strategy and biosecurity as basis of contagious agalactia control programs in endemic areas |
| topic | Contagious agalactia Small ruminants Control program Mycoplasma |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13620-025-00288-1 |
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