Dietary verbena officinalis reduces feather-pecking duration in laying ducks by modulating cecal microbiota composition and hypothalamic neurotransmitter secretion

Verbena officinalis, a traditional Chinese herb with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has not been extensively studied for its effects on poultry gut microbiota and behavior. This study evaluated the impact of verbena officinalis supplementation (0, 2, and 4%) on growth performance, cec...

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Main Authors: Ai Liu, Yongcai Zhu, Shenglin Yang, Bingnong Yao, Fuyou Liao, Baoguo Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1605305/full
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author Ai Liu
Ai Liu
Ai Liu
Yongcai Zhu
Yongcai Zhu
Shenglin Yang
Shenglin Yang
Bingnong Yao
Bingnong Yao
Fuyou Liao
Fuyou Liao
Baoguo Zhu
Baoguo Zhu
author_facet Ai Liu
Ai Liu
Ai Liu
Yongcai Zhu
Yongcai Zhu
Shenglin Yang
Shenglin Yang
Bingnong Yao
Bingnong Yao
Fuyou Liao
Fuyou Liao
Baoguo Zhu
Baoguo Zhu
author_sort Ai Liu
collection DOAJ
description Verbena officinalis, a traditional Chinese herb with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has not been extensively studied for its effects on poultry gut microbiota and behavior. This study evaluated the impact of verbena officinalis supplementation (0, 2, and 4%) on growth performance, cecal microbiota, and feather-pecking behavior in laying ducks. Ninety healthy 1-day-old ducks were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments for a 5-week growth trial, and 45 feather-pecking ducks were used to assess the behavioral and neurochemical effects. Before the trials, ducks were adapted to the experimental conditions for 7 days and fed a basal diet. The results showed no significant differences in body weight or average daily gain (ADG) among the groups (p > 0.05), but the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower in verbena groups (p < 0.05). Cecal microbiota analysis revealed higher Chao 1 and ACE indices (p < 0.01), increased Bacteroidetes (p < 0.05), and decreased Firmicutes and Megamonas in the verbena groups (p < 0.05). Spirochaetae (p = 0.014), Elusimicrobia (p = 0.032), and Lentisphaera (p = 0.036) were the predominant differential phyla, whereas Oscillospira (p = 0.003), Phascolarctobacterium (p = 0.039), and Megamonas (p < 0.001) were the predominant differential genera. Feather-pecking duration and hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) levels were reduced in verbena groups (p < 0.05), with NE negatively correlated with Spirochaetae (p < 0.05). In conclusion, 2% verbena officinalis supplementation promotes beneficial gut microbiota changes and reduces feather-pecking behavior, although the underlying mechanisms require further investigation.
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issn 1664-302X
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Microbiology
spelling doaj-art-959c07113db54e869bba4ca5ee5a4d6f2025-08-20T03:46:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-06-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.16053051605305Dietary verbena officinalis reduces feather-pecking duration in laying ducks by modulating cecal microbiota composition and hypothalamic neurotransmitter secretionAi Liu0Ai Liu1Ai Liu2Yongcai Zhu3Yongcai Zhu4Shenglin Yang5Shenglin Yang6Bingnong Yao7Bingnong Yao8Fuyou Liao9Fuyou Liao10Baoguo Zhu11Baoguo Zhu12Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, ChinaVerbena officinalis, a traditional Chinese herb with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has not been extensively studied for its effects on poultry gut microbiota and behavior. This study evaluated the impact of verbena officinalis supplementation (0, 2, and 4%) on growth performance, cecal microbiota, and feather-pecking behavior in laying ducks. Ninety healthy 1-day-old ducks were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments for a 5-week growth trial, and 45 feather-pecking ducks were used to assess the behavioral and neurochemical effects. Before the trials, ducks were adapted to the experimental conditions for 7 days and fed a basal diet. The results showed no significant differences in body weight or average daily gain (ADG) among the groups (p > 0.05), but the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower in verbena groups (p < 0.05). Cecal microbiota analysis revealed higher Chao 1 and ACE indices (p < 0.01), increased Bacteroidetes (p < 0.05), and decreased Firmicutes and Megamonas in the verbena groups (p < 0.05). Spirochaetae (p = 0.014), Elusimicrobia (p = 0.032), and Lentisphaera (p = 0.036) were the predominant differential phyla, whereas Oscillospira (p = 0.003), Phascolarctobacterium (p = 0.039), and Megamonas (p < 0.001) were the predominant differential genera. Feather-pecking duration and hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) levels were reduced in verbena groups (p < 0.05), with NE negatively correlated with Spirochaetae (p < 0.05). In conclusion, 2% verbena officinalis supplementation promotes beneficial gut microbiota changes and reduces feather-pecking behavior, although the underlying mechanisms require further investigation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1605305/fullcecal microbiotaduckfeather-pecking behaviorhypothalamic noradrenalineverbena officinalis
spellingShingle Ai Liu
Ai Liu
Ai Liu
Yongcai Zhu
Yongcai Zhu
Shenglin Yang
Shenglin Yang
Bingnong Yao
Bingnong Yao
Fuyou Liao
Fuyou Liao
Baoguo Zhu
Baoguo Zhu
Dietary verbena officinalis reduces feather-pecking duration in laying ducks by modulating cecal microbiota composition and hypothalamic neurotransmitter secretion
Frontiers in Microbiology
cecal microbiota
duck
feather-pecking behavior
hypothalamic noradrenaline
verbena officinalis
title Dietary verbena officinalis reduces feather-pecking duration in laying ducks by modulating cecal microbiota composition and hypothalamic neurotransmitter secretion
title_full Dietary verbena officinalis reduces feather-pecking duration in laying ducks by modulating cecal microbiota composition and hypothalamic neurotransmitter secretion
title_fullStr Dietary verbena officinalis reduces feather-pecking duration in laying ducks by modulating cecal microbiota composition and hypothalamic neurotransmitter secretion
title_full_unstemmed Dietary verbena officinalis reduces feather-pecking duration in laying ducks by modulating cecal microbiota composition and hypothalamic neurotransmitter secretion
title_short Dietary verbena officinalis reduces feather-pecking duration in laying ducks by modulating cecal microbiota composition and hypothalamic neurotransmitter secretion
title_sort dietary verbena officinalis reduces feather pecking duration in laying ducks by modulating cecal microbiota composition and hypothalamic neurotransmitter secretion
topic cecal microbiota
duck
feather-pecking behavior
hypothalamic noradrenaline
verbena officinalis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1605305/full
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