Dragging the chain: anchor scour impacts from high-tonnage commercial vessels on a soft bottom macrobenthic assemblage
International shipping is the backbone of the global economy with ~80% of the world’s trade (by volume) transported by ship. The potential environmental impacts of this multi-billion-dollar industry have received considerable attention, particularly emissions into air and sea. Many of these large co...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Conservation Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1487428/full |
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| author | Andrew R. Davis Allison Broad Chantel Steele Caitlin Woods Rachel Przeslawki Rachel Przeslawki W. A. (Tony) Nicholas W. A. (Tony) Nicholas William Maher Frank Krikowa Bradley Morris Timothy C. Ingleton Timothy C. Ingleton Sarah O’Hea Miller Matthew J. Rees |
| author_facet | Andrew R. Davis Allison Broad Chantel Steele Caitlin Woods Rachel Przeslawki Rachel Przeslawki W. A. (Tony) Nicholas W. A. (Tony) Nicholas William Maher Frank Krikowa Bradley Morris Timothy C. Ingleton Timothy C. Ingleton Sarah O’Hea Miller Matthew J. Rees |
| author_sort | Andrew R. Davis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | International shipping is the backbone of the global economy with ~80% of the world’s trade (by volume) transported by ship. The potential environmental impacts of this multi-billion-dollar industry have received considerable attention, particularly emissions into air and sea. Many of these large commercial vessels lay at anchor for extended periods while awaiting their turn to enter port, and yet the impacts associated with anchoring remain virtually unexamined. Anchors can exceed 20 tonnes, with chains up to hundreds of metres in length and individual links weighing up to 200kg; there is potential for significant effects on seafloor biota where anchoring is concentrated. Filling knowledge gaps in deep-water wave-exposed environments is logistically challenging and expensive. To do so we used sediment grabs collected offshore from the Port of Newcastle (SE Australia) – the world’s largest coal export terminal – to sample infaunal assemblages in anchor-affected locations relative to reference locations (30 to 55m water depth). Polychaetes and crustaceans were the most abundant biota in the samples (~85%), whereas molluscs were very low in abundance (<3%), despite being well represented in terms of diversity (11 families of bivalves and 9 families of gastropods). Invertebrate abundance almost doubled in areas exposed to anchoring compared to reference areas. In contrast, invertebrate diversity declined with increasing anchoring activity, however this relationship was weak. Importantly, we observed major shifts in the overall invertebrate assemblage at anchored-affected locations – with reductions in suspension feeders mirrored by increases in scavengers and predators. We assert that suspension feeders were negatively impacted by sediment mobilisation or direct physical damage from anchor chains, while opportunistic scavengers and mobile predators benefitted from this disturbance. We contend that anchor disturbance is a global issue given burgeoning marine trade. Data on the effects of anchoring are urgently required to better inform the management of environments regularly used as anchorages. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-959602475bdb4535bdafdc14b652d2bc |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2673-611X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Conservation Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-959602475bdb4535bdafdc14b652d2bc2025-08-20T02:48:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Conservation Science2673-611X2025-03-01610.3389/fcosc.2025.14874281487428Dragging the chain: anchor scour impacts from high-tonnage commercial vessels on a soft bottom macrobenthic assemblageAndrew R. Davis0Allison Broad1Chantel Steele2Caitlin Woods3Rachel Przeslawki4Rachel Przeslawki5W. A. (Tony) Nicholas6W. A. (Tony) Nicholas7William Maher8Frank Krikowa9Bradley Morris10Timothy C. Ingleton11Timothy C. Ingleton12Sarah O’Hea Miller13Matthew J. Rees14Centre for Environmental Futures and School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, AustraliaCentre for Environmental Futures and School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, AustraliaCentre for Environmental Futures and School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, AustraliaCentre for Environmental Futures and School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, AustraliaCentre for Environmental Futures and School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, AustraliaGeoscience Australia, National Earth and Marine Observations Group, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaCentre for Environmental Futures and School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, AustraliaGeoscience Australia, National Earth and Marine Observations Group, Canberra, ACT, Australiab Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australiab Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaWaters, Wetlands and Coasts Science, New South Wales Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Lidcombe, NSW, AustraliaCentre for Environmental Futures and School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, AustraliaWaters, Wetlands and Coasts Science, New South Wales Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Lidcombe, NSW, AustraliaCentre for Environmental Futures and School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, AustraliaNew South Wales Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Huskisson, NSW, AustraliaInternational shipping is the backbone of the global economy with ~80% of the world’s trade (by volume) transported by ship. The potential environmental impacts of this multi-billion-dollar industry have received considerable attention, particularly emissions into air and sea. Many of these large commercial vessels lay at anchor for extended periods while awaiting their turn to enter port, and yet the impacts associated with anchoring remain virtually unexamined. Anchors can exceed 20 tonnes, with chains up to hundreds of metres in length and individual links weighing up to 200kg; there is potential for significant effects on seafloor biota where anchoring is concentrated. Filling knowledge gaps in deep-water wave-exposed environments is logistically challenging and expensive. To do so we used sediment grabs collected offshore from the Port of Newcastle (SE Australia) – the world’s largest coal export terminal – to sample infaunal assemblages in anchor-affected locations relative to reference locations (30 to 55m water depth). Polychaetes and crustaceans were the most abundant biota in the samples (~85%), whereas molluscs were very low in abundance (<3%), despite being well represented in terms of diversity (11 families of bivalves and 9 families of gastropods). Invertebrate abundance almost doubled in areas exposed to anchoring compared to reference areas. In contrast, invertebrate diversity declined with increasing anchoring activity, however this relationship was weak. Importantly, we observed major shifts in the overall invertebrate assemblage at anchored-affected locations – with reductions in suspension feeders mirrored by increases in scavengers and predators. We assert that suspension feeders were negatively impacted by sediment mobilisation or direct physical damage from anchor chains, while opportunistic scavengers and mobile predators benefitted from this disturbance. We contend that anchor disturbance is a global issue given burgeoning marine trade. Data on the effects of anchoring are urgently required to better inform the management of environments regularly used as anchorages.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1487428/fullanchoringinfaunamarine invertebrateshuman impactsdisturbanceAIS |
| spellingShingle | Andrew R. Davis Allison Broad Chantel Steele Caitlin Woods Rachel Przeslawki Rachel Przeslawki W. A. (Tony) Nicholas W. A. (Tony) Nicholas William Maher Frank Krikowa Bradley Morris Timothy C. Ingleton Timothy C. Ingleton Sarah O’Hea Miller Matthew J. Rees Dragging the chain: anchor scour impacts from high-tonnage commercial vessels on a soft bottom macrobenthic assemblage Frontiers in Conservation Science anchoring infauna marine invertebrates human impacts disturbance AIS |
| title | Dragging the chain: anchor scour impacts from high-tonnage commercial vessels on a soft bottom macrobenthic assemblage |
| title_full | Dragging the chain: anchor scour impacts from high-tonnage commercial vessels on a soft bottom macrobenthic assemblage |
| title_fullStr | Dragging the chain: anchor scour impacts from high-tonnage commercial vessels on a soft bottom macrobenthic assemblage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dragging the chain: anchor scour impacts from high-tonnage commercial vessels on a soft bottom macrobenthic assemblage |
| title_short | Dragging the chain: anchor scour impacts from high-tonnage commercial vessels on a soft bottom macrobenthic assemblage |
| title_sort | dragging the chain anchor scour impacts from high tonnage commercial vessels on a soft bottom macrobenthic assemblage |
| topic | anchoring infauna marine invertebrates human impacts disturbance AIS |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2025.1487428/full |
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