Experimental and numerical study on external explosions of cylindrical versus spherical charges at tunnel entrance

Most of the existing studies on tunnel blast wave are based on spherical or grouped charges, however, conventional weapons are mostly cylindrical rather than spherical. In order to analyze the impact of cylindrical charges on the tunnel blast wave loads and to develop a quantitative calculation meth...

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Main Authors: Dan Luo, Jinsheng Hu, Anbao Wang, Xiao Yu, Mengmeng Zhang, Meili Yao, Chun Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2025-04-01
Series:Defence Technology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214914724002587
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author Dan Luo
Jinsheng Hu
Anbao Wang
Xiao Yu
Mengmeng Zhang
Meili Yao
Chun Li
author_facet Dan Luo
Jinsheng Hu
Anbao Wang
Xiao Yu
Mengmeng Zhang
Meili Yao
Chun Li
author_sort Dan Luo
collection DOAJ
description Most of the existing studies on tunnel blast wave are based on spherical or grouped charges, however, conventional weapons are mostly cylindrical rather than spherical. In order to analyze the impact of cylindrical charges on the tunnel blast wave loads and to develop a quantitative calculation method, this study carried out experimental and numerical research. Initially, external explosion experiments were conducted using both 35 kg spherical charges and cylindrical charges with aspect ratio of 4.8 at two different distances from the tunnel entrance. Comparative analysis of the blast wave parameters in the tunnel revealed that the explosive equivalent of the cylindrical charges was significantly higher than that of the spherical charges. To address this, an equivalent coefficient κ based on the spherical charges was proposed for the cylindrical charges. Subsequently, numerical simulations were conducted for the experimental conditions, and the numerical simulation results match the experiments well. Through numerical calculations, the reliability of the equivalent coefficient κ under the experimental conditions was verified, and comparison analysis indicated that the explosion energy of cylindrical charges spreads more radially, resulting in more explosion energy entering the tunnel, which is the fundamental reason for the increase in tunnel blast wave loads. Additionally, analyzing the explosion energy ratio entering the tunnel is an effective method for calculating the equivalent coefficient κ. Finally, through more than one hundred sets of numerical calculation results, the impact of the proportional distance λ and the ratio of charge mass to the tunnel cross-section dimension φ on the equivalence coefficients κ was investigated. An empirical formula for the equivalence coefficient κ was derived through fitting, and the accuracy of the formula was validated through literature experimental results. The research findings of this paper will provide valuable guidance for the calculation of blast wave loads in tunnel.
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spelling doaj-art-959255a385d94bbb9410fd1710a44d6c2025-08-20T02:11:37ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Defence Technology2214-91472025-04-014622724310.1016/j.dt.2024.11.003Experimental and numerical study on external explosions of cylindrical versus spherical charges at tunnel entranceDan Luo0Jinsheng Hu1Anbao Wang2Xiao Yu3Mengmeng Zhang4Meili Yao5Chun Li6Academy of Military Sciences, PLA, Beijing 100850, ChinaAcademy of Military Sciences, PLA, Beijing 100850, China; Corresponding author.Academy of Military Sciences, PLA, Beijing 100850, ChinaAcademy of Military Sciences, PLA, Beijing 100850, ChinaAcademy of Military Sciences, PLA, Beijing 100850, China; Key Laboratory for Green & Advanced Civil Engineering Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, ChinaAcademy of Military Sciences, PLA, Beijing 100850, ChinaAcademy of Military Sciences, PLA, Beijing 100850, ChinaMost of the existing studies on tunnel blast wave are based on spherical or grouped charges, however, conventional weapons are mostly cylindrical rather than spherical. In order to analyze the impact of cylindrical charges on the tunnel blast wave loads and to develop a quantitative calculation method, this study carried out experimental and numerical research. Initially, external explosion experiments were conducted using both 35 kg spherical charges and cylindrical charges with aspect ratio of 4.8 at two different distances from the tunnel entrance. Comparative analysis of the blast wave parameters in the tunnel revealed that the explosive equivalent of the cylindrical charges was significantly higher than that of the spherical charges. To address this, an equivalent coefficient κ based on the spherical charges was proposed for the cylindrical charges. Subsequently, numerical simulations were conducted for the experimental conditions, and the numerical simulation results match the experiments well. Through numerical calculations, the reliability of the equivalent coefficient κ under the experimental conditions was verified, and comparison analysis indicated that the explosion energy of cylindrical charges spreads more radially, resulting in more explosion energy entering the tunnel, which is the fundamental reason for the increase in tunnel blast wave loads. Additionally, analyzing the explosion energy ratio entering the tunnel is an effective method for calculating the equivalent coefficient κ. Finally, through more than one hundred sets of numerical calculation results, the impact of the proportional distance λ and the ratio of charge mass to the tunnel cross-section dimension φ on the equivalence coefficients κ was investigated. An empirical formula for the equivalence coefficient κ was derived through fitting, and the accuracy of the formula was validated through literature experimental results. The research findings of this paper will provide valuable guidance for the calculation of blast wave loads in tunnel.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214914724002587Cylindrical chargesTunnel blast waveEquivalent coefficientEmpirical formulaExperiment and numerical simulation
spellingShingle Dan Luo
Jinsheng Hu
Anbao Wang
Xiao Yu
Mengmeng Zhang
Meili Yao
Chun Li
Experimental and numerical study on external explosions of cylindrical versus spherical charges at tunnel entrance
Defence Technology
Cylindrical charges
Tunnel blast wave
Equivalent coefficient
Empirical formula
Experiment and numerical simulation
title Experimental and numerical study on external explosions of cylindrical versus spherical charges at tunnel entrance
title_full Experimental and numerical study on external explosions of cylindrical versus spherical charges at tunnel entrance
title_fullStr Experimental and numerical study on external explosions of cylindrical versus spherical charges at tunnel entrance
title_full_unstemmed Experimental and numerical study on external explosions of cylindrical versus spherical charges at tunnel entrance
title_short Experimental and numerical study on external explosions of cylindrical versus spherical charges at tunnel entrance
title_sort experimental and numerical study on external explosions of cylindrical versus spherical charges at tunnel entrance
topic Cylindrical charges
Tunnel blast wave
Equivalent coefficient
Empirical formula
Experiment and numerical simulation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214914724002587
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