Genome-Wide Characterization and Functional Analysis of <i>CsDOF</i> Transcription Factors in <i>Camellia sinensis</i> cv. Tieguanyin Under Combined Heat–Drought Stress
Tieguanyin tea, celebrated as one of China’s top ten famous teas, is highly regarded for its unique flavor and taste. However, recent intensification of global warming has escalated the occurrence of abiotic stresses, posing significant threats to the growth, development, yield, and quality of Tiegu...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | Yingxin Wen Cunyi Tan Yujie Zhang Hua Wu Dian Chen Heng Yue Zekai Ding Shijiang Cao Kehui Zheng |
| author_facet | Yingxin Wen Cunyi Tan Yujie Zhang Hua Wu Dian Chen Heng Yue Zekai Ding Shijiang Cao Kehui Zheng |
| author_sort | Yingxin Wen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tieguanyin tea, celebrated as one of China’s top ten famous teas, is highly regarded for its unique flavor and taste. However, recent intensification of global warming has escalated the occurrence of abiotic stresses, posing significant threats to the growth, development, yield, and quality of Tieguanyin tea plants. DOF (DNA-binding one zinc finger protein), a plant-specific transcription factor, plays a critical role in plant development and stress response. In this study, we identified and analyzed 58 <i>CsDOF</i> genes across the whole genome, which were found to be randomly and unevenly distributed across 15 chromosomes. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using <i>DOF</i> genes from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and Tieguanyin, categorizing these genes into 10 subgroups. Collinearity analysis revealed homologous gene pairs between <i>CsDOF</i> and <i>OsDOF</i>(19 pairs), <i>StDOF</i> (101 pairs), and <i>ZmDOF</i> (24 pairs). Cis-acting element analysis indicated that <i>CsDOF</i> genes contain elements related to both stress and hormone responses. Heat map analysis demonstrated that subfamily C2 predominantly regulates the growth and development of roots, stems, and leaves in Tieguanyin. Tertiary structure analysis of CsDOF proteins revealed diverse structures, underscoring the functional variability within the <i>CsDOF</i> gene family. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis was employed to assess the expression profiles of 13 <i>CsDOF</i> genes under high-temperature and drought conditions. Notably, <i>CsDOF51</i> and <i>CsDOF12</i> exhibited significant expression changes under drought and high-temperature stress, respectively, while <i>CsDOF44</i> showed significant changes under both conditions. This study provides foundational knowledge of the <i>CsDOF</i> gene family and offers novel insights for enhancing the drought and heat tolerance of Tieguanyin tea. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9574f76d8d464ac2945fb24cf852bf29 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-9574f76d8d464ac2945fb24cf852bf292025-08-20T03:29:51ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-06-011412182910.3390/plants14121829Genome-Wide Characterization and Functional Analysis of <i>CsDOF</i> Transcription Factors in <i>Camellia sinensis</i> cv. Tieguanyin Under Combined Heat–Drought StressYingxin Wen0Cunyi Tan1Yujie Zhang2Hua Wu3Dian Chen4Heng Yue5Zekai Ding6Shijiang Cao7Kehui Zheng8College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaCollege of Computer and Information Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaTieguanyin tea, celebrated as one of China’s top ten famous teas, is highly regarded for its unique flavor and taste. However, recent intensification of global warming has escalated the occurrence of abiotic stresses, posing significant threats to the growth, development, yield, and quality of Tieguanyin tea plants. DOF (DNA-binding one zinc finger protein), a plant-specific transcription factor, plays a critical role in plant development and stress response. In this study, we identified and analyzed 58 <i>CsDOF</i> genes across the whole genome, which were found to be randomly and unevenly distributed across 15 chromosomes. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using <i>DOF</i> genes from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and Tieguanyin, categorizing these genes into 10 subgroups. Collinearity analysis revealed homologous gene pairs between <i>CsDOF</i> and <i>OsDOF</i>(19 pairs), <i>StDOF</i> (101 pairs), and <i>ZmDOF</i> (24 pairs). Cis-acting element analysis indicated that <i>CsDOF</i> genes contain elements related to both stress and hormone responses. Heat map analysis demonstrated that subfamily C2 predominantly regulates the growth and development of roots, stems, and leaves in Tieguanyin. Tertiary structure analysis of CsDOF proteins revealed diverse structures, underscoring the functional variability within the <i>CsDOF</i> gene family. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis was employed to assess the expression profiles of 13 <i>CsDOF</i> genes under high-temperature and drought conditions. Notably, <i>CsDOF51</i> and <i>CsDOF12</i> exhibited significant expression changes under drought and high-temperature stress, respectively, while <i>CsDOF44</i> showed significant changes under both conditions. This study provides foundational knowledge of the <i>CsDOF</i> gene family and offers novel insights for enhancing the drought and heat tolerance of Tieguanyin tea.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/12/1829teaTieguanyinDOFgene familyabiotic stressexpression analysis |
| spellingShingle | Yingxin Wen Cunyi Tan Yujie Zhang Hua Wu Dian Chen Heng Yue Zekai Ding Shijiang Cao Kehui Zheng Genome-Wide Characterization and Functional Analysis of <i>CsDOF</i> Transcription Factors in <i>Camellia sinensis</i> cv. Tieguanyin Under Combined Heat–Drought Stress Plants tea Tieguanyin DOF gene family abiotic stress expression analysis |
| title | Genome-Wide Characterization and Functional Analysis of <i>CsDOF</i> Transcription Factors in <i>Camellia sinensis</i> cv. Tieguanyin Under Combined Heat–Drought Stress |
| title_full | Genome-Wide Characterization and Functional Analysis of <i>CsDOF</i> Transcription Factors in <i>Camellia sinensis</i> cv. Tieguanyin Under Combined Heat–Drought Stress |
| title_fullStr | Genome-Wide Characterization and Functional Analysis of <i>CsDOF</i> Transcription Factors in <i>Camellia sinensis</i> cv. Tieguanyin Under Combined Heat–Drought Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome-Wide Characterization and Functional Analysis of <i>CsDOF</i> Transcription Factors in <i>Camellia sinensis</i> cv. Tieguanyin Under Combined Heat–Drought Stress |
| title_short | Genome-Wide Characterization and Functional Analysis of <i>CsDOF</i> Transcription Factors in <i>Camellia sinensis</i> cv. Tieguanyin Under Combined Heat–Drought Stress |
| title_sort | genome wide characterization and functional analysis of i csdof i transcription factors in i camellia sinensis i cv tieguanyin under combined heat drought stress |
| topic | tea Tieguanyin DOF gene family abiotic stress expression analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/12/1829 |
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