Technological Improvement of Brined Black Table Olives Processed Using Two-Phase and Single-Phase Methods Under Slight CO<sub>2</sub> Pressure and Low Salt Content

The aim of this work was to study the fermentation of black table olives under slightly pressurized CO<sub>2</sub> (spCO<sub>2</sub>). The olives were marinated in brine with a low salt content and processed using both the traditional two-phase method and a new single-phase m...

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Main Authors: Biagi Angelo Zullo, Gino Ciafardini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3799
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author Biagi Angelo Zullo
Gino Ciafardini
author_facet Biagi Angelo Zullo
Gino Ciafardini
author_sort Biagi Angelo Zullo
collection DOAJ
description The aim of this work was to study the fermentation of black table olives under slightly pressurized CO<sub>2</sub> (spCO<sub>2</sub>). The olives were marinated in brine with a low salt content and processed using both the traditional two-phase method and a new single-phase method. SpCO<sub>2</sub> is a new technical tool, positively tested in previous studies on the production of low-salt table olive, as a third barrier to microbial growth in brine. The tests performed with the cultivar Leccino, using a brine acidified with 0.5% (<i>w v</i><sup>−1</sup>) citric acid and enriched with 0%, 3%, and 6% (<i>w v</i><sup>−1</sup>) NaCl, showed the absence of bacteria and molds in the brine from the first days of incubation. Fermentation was governed by six yeast species, mainly represented by <i>Candida boidinii</i> and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, with a maximum total number of 6.30 Log CFU mL<sup>−1</sup> and 4.28 Log CFU mL<sup>−1</sup> in the brine with 3% and 6% (<i>w v</i><sup>−1</sup>) NaCl, respectively. The best debittering results were obtained when the olives were processed in the presence of spCO<sub>2</sub> with the single-phase method, using brine with 6% (<i>w v</i><sup>−1</sup>) NaCl, validating the important role played by spCO<sub>2</sub> in the production of low-salt black table olives.
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spelling doaj-art-9569c4c71a374ee2899eddddadd80ab32025-08-20T02:38:41ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-11-011323379910.3390/foods13233799Technological Improvement of Brined Black Table Olives Processed Using Two-Phase and Single-Phase Methods Under Slight CO<sub>2</sub> Pressure and Low Salt ContentBiagi Angelo Zullo0Gino Ciafardini1Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, ItalyThe aim of this work was to study the fermentation of black table olives under slightly pressurized CO<sub>2</sub> (spCO<sub>2</sub>). The olives were marinated in brine with a low salt content and processed using both the traditional two-phase method and a new single-phase method. SpCO<sub>2</sub> is a new technical tool, positively tested in previous studies on the production of low-salt table olive, as a third barrier to microbial growth in brine. The tests performed with the cultivar Leccino, using a brine acidified with 0.5% (<i>w v</i><sup>−1</sup>) citric acid and enriched with 0%, 3%, and 6% (<i>w v</i><sup>−1</sup>) NaCl, showed the absence of bacteria and molds in the brine from the first days of incubation. Fermentation was governed by six yeast species, mainly represented by <i>Candida boidinii</i> and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, with a maximum total number of 6.30 Log CFU mL<sup>−1</sup> and 4.28 Log CFU mL<sup>−1</sup> in the brine with 3% and 6% (<i>w v</i><sup>−1</sup>) NaCl, respectively. The best debittering results were obtained when the olives were processed in the presence of spCO<sub>2</sub> with the single-phase method, using brine with 6% (<i>w v</i><sup>−1</sup>) NaCl, validating the important role played by spCO<sub>2</sub> in the production of low-salt black table olives.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3799bacteriacarbon dioxidefermentationLeccinosalttable olives
spellingShingle Biagi Angelo Zullo
Gino Ciafardini
Technological Improvement of Brined Black Table Olives Processed Using Two-Phase and Single-Phase Methods Under Slight CO<sub>2</sub> Pressure and Low Salt Content
Foods
bacteria
carbon dioxide
fermentation
Leccino
salt
table olives
title Technological Improvement of Brined Black Table Olives Processed Using Two-Phase and Single-Phase Methods Under Slight CO<sub>2</sub> Pressure and Low Salt Content
title_full Technological Improvement of Brined Black Table Olives Processed Using Two-Phase and Single-Phase Methods Under Slight CO<sub>2</sub> Pressure and Low Salt Content
title_fullStr Technological Improvement of Brined Black Table Olives Processed Using Two-Phase and Single-Phase Methods Under Slight CO<sub>2</sub> Pressure and Low Salt Content
title_full_unstemmed Technological Improvement of Brined Black Table Olives Processed Using Two-Phase and Single-Phase Methods Under Slight CO<sub>2</sub> Pressure and Low Salt Content
title_short Technological Improvement of Brined Black Table Olives Processed Using Two-Phase and Single-Phase Methods Under Slight CO<sub>2</sub> Pressure and Low Salt Content
title_sort technological improvement of brined black table olives processed using two phase and single phase methods under slight co sub 2 sub pressure and low salt content
topic bacteria
carbon dioxide
fermentation
Leccino
salt
table olives
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3799
work_keys_str_mv AT biagiangelozullo technologicalimprovementofbrinedblacktableolivesprocessedusingtwophaseandsinglephasemethodsunderslightcosub2subpressureandlowsaltcontent
AT ginociafardini technologicalimprovementofbrinedblacktableolivesprocessedusingtwophaseandsinglephasemethodsunderslightcosub2subpressureandlowsaltcontent