Early assessment of treatment response in primary biliary cholangitis: key to timely management

Abstract Aim The aim of our study was to explore predictive factors associated with compete biochemical response (CBR) in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) at month 12 and at last check-up; CBR was defined as both normal bilirubin and ALP levels. We...

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Main Authors: Tomas Koky, Sylvia Drazilova, Martin Janicko, Dominika Toporcerova, Jakub Gazda, Peter Jarcuska
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Gastroenterology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04138-w
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author Tomas Koky
Sylvia Drazilova
Martin Janicko
Dominika Toporcerova
Jakub Gazda
Peter Jarcuska
author_facet Tomas Koky
Sylvia Drazilova
Martin Janicko
Dominika Toporcerova
Jakub Gazda
Peter Jarcuska
author_sort Tomas Koky
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Aim The aim of our study was to explore predictive factors associated with compete biochemical response (CBR) in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) at month 12 and at last check-up; CBR was defined as both normal bilirubin and ALP levels. We also evaluated hepatic decompensation and prognosis during UDCA treatment. Methods We conducted a multicenter retrospective study of PBC patients. We enrolled patients with PBC before the beginning of UDCA treatment (13–15 mg/kg body weight per day) between 1999 and 2024 in 2 hepatology centers in Eastern Slovakia. Results We enrolled 155 patients in the final analysis, 147 women and 8 men, mean age at diagnosis 57 ± 15 years, the median follow-up was 10 ± 8 years. 29 patients (18.7%) had cirrhosis at diagnosis. Hepatic decompensation occurred in 12 patients during follow-up (7.7%; 95%CI 4–13%). 114 patients (73.5%; 95% CI 66–80%) achieved response to treatment according to Toronto criteria at month 6; CBR after 12 months of treatment was achieved by 41.3% (95% CI 33–50%) of patients; 51 patients (32.9%; 95% CI 26–41%) achieved CBR at last check-up. The OR for achieving CBR at month 12 in Toronto responders at month 6 was 46.36 (95%CI 6.147-349.646); p < 0.001. Of the patients who achieved a response defined by Toronto criteria at month 6, 44.7% of patients achieved CBR at last check-up and 55.3% did not. Out of the patients who did not achieve Toronto at month 6, none achieved CBR at last check-up (0%). Treatment response by Toronto criteria at month 6, CBR at month 12 and absence of liver cirrhosis predicted CBR at last check-up. The odds of decompensation were about 90% lower in patients who achieved treatment response. No case of hepatic decompensation or liver-related mortality during follow-up was observed in patients with CBR at last check-up. Conclusion The assessment of treatment response at month 6 is very accurate predictor of complete biochemical response throughout the course of the disease. For non-responders to UDCA treatment, the addition of second line PBC treatment is indicated. For patients who have not met Toronto criteria at month 6 of UDCA treatment, the addition of second line PBC therapy should be considered.
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spelling doaj-art-95650a8e2b3240ebbdbab9a1e5ab138b2025-08-20T04:03:07ZengBMCBMC Gastroenterology1471-230X2025-08-0125111110.1186/s12876-025-04138-wEarly assessment of treatment response in primary biliary cholangitis: key to timely managementTomas Koky0Sylvia Drazilova1Martin Janicko2Dominika Toporcerova3Jakub Gazda4Peter Jarcuska5Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, L Pasteur University HospitalDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, L Pasteur University HospitalDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, L Pasteur University HospitalDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, L Pasteur University HospitalDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, L Pasteur University HospitalDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, L Pasteur University HospitalAbstract Aim The aim of our study was to explore predictive factors associated with compete biochemical response (CBR) in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) at month 12 and at last check-up; CBR was defined as both normal bilirubin and ALP levels. We also evaluated hepatic decompensation and prognosis during UDCA treatment. Methods We conducted a multicenter retrospective study of PBC patients. We enrolled patients with PBC before the beginning of UDCA treatment (13–15 mg/kg body weight per day) between 1999 and 2024 in 2 hepatology centers in Eastern Slovakia. Results We enrolled 155 patients in the final analysis, 147 women and 8 men, mean age at diagnosis 57 ± 15 years, the median follow-up was 10 ± 8 years. 29 patients (18.7%) had cirrhosis at diagnosis. Hepatic decompensation occurred in 12 patients during follow-up (7.7%; 95%CI 4–13%). 114 patients (73.5%; 95% CI 66–80%) achieved response to treatment according to Toronto criteria at month 6; CBR after 12 months of treatment was achieved by 41.3% (95% CI 33–50%) of patients; 51 patients (32.9%; 95% CI 26–41%) achieved CBR at last check-up. The OR for achieving CBR at month 12 in Toronto responders at month 6 was 46.36 (95%CI 6.147-349.646); p < 0.001. Of the patients who achieved a response defined by Toronto criteria at month 6, 44.7% of patients achieved CBR at last check-up and 55.3% did not. Out of the patients who did not achieve Toronto at month 6, none achieved CBR at last check-up (0%). Treatment response by Toronto criteria at month 6, CBR at month 12 and absence of liver cirrhosis predicted CBR at last check-up. The odds of decompensation were about 90% lower in patients who achieved treatment response. No case of hepatic decompensation or liver-related mortality during follow-up was observed in patients with CBR at last check-up. Conclusion The assessment of treatment response at month 6 is very accurate predictor of complete biochemical response throughout the course of the disease. For non-responders to UDCA treatment, the addition of second line PBC treatment is indicated. For patients who have not met Toronto criteria at month 6 of UDCA treatment, the addition of second line PBC therapy should be considered.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04138-wPrimary biliary cholangitisUrsodeoxycholic acidTreatment responseSecond line treatmentLiver decompensationPrognosis
spellingShingle Tomas Koky
Sylvia Drazilova
Martin Janicko
Dominika Toporcerova
Jakub Gazda
Peter Jarcuska
Early assessment of treatment response in primary biliary cholangitis: key to timely management
BMC Gastroenterology
Primary biliary cholangitis
Ursodeoxycholic acid
Treatment response
Second line treatment
Liver decompensation
Prognosis
title Early assessment of treatment response in primary biliary cholangitis: key to timely management
title_full Early assessment of treatment response in primary biliary cholangitis: key to timely management
title_fullStr Early assessment of treatment response in primary biliary cholangitis: key to timely management
title_full_unstemmed Early assessment of treatment response in primary biliary cholangitis: key to timely management
title_short Early assessment of treatment response in primary biliary cholangitis: key to timely management
title_sort early assessment of treatment response in primary biliary cholangitis key to timely management
topic Primary biliary cholangitis
Ursodeoxycholic acid
Treatment response
Second line treatment
Liver decompensation
Prognosis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04138-w
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AT dominikatoporcerova earlyassessmentoftreatmentresponseinprimarybiliarycholangitiskeytotimelymanagement
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