Long term efficacy and safety profile of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in retinal vein occlusions: a systematic review

Background/objectiveRetinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common, sight-threatening vascular disorder affecting individuals of all ages, with incidence increasing with age. Due to its complex, multifactorial nature, treating RVO remains a clinical challenge. Currently, treatment strategies include laser...

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Main Authors: Adriano Carnevali, Daniela Bacherini, Cristian Metrangolo, Flavia Chiosi, Pasquale Viggiano, Carlo Astarita, Valentina Gallinaro, Vincenza M. E. Bonfiglio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1454591/full
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author Adriano Carnevali
Daniela Bacherini
Cristian Metrangolo
Flavia Chiosi
Pasquale Viggiano
Carlo Astarita
Valentina Gallinaro
Vincenza M. E. Bonfiglio
author_facet Adriano Carnevali
Daniela Bacherini
Cristian Metrangolo
Flavia Chiosi
Pasquale Viggiano
Carlo Astarita
Valentina Gallinaro
Vincenza M. E. Bonfiglio
author_sort Adriano Carnevali
collection DOAJ
description Background/objectiveRetinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common, sight-threatening vascular disorder affecting individuals of all ages, with incidence increasing with age. Due to its complex, multifactorial nature, treating RVO remains a clinical challenge. Currently, treatment strategies include laser photocoagulation (especially for branch RVO), anti-VEGF therapies, and intravitreal corticosteroids. This systematic review (without meta-analysis) aimed to update the evidence on the efficacy and safety of the sustained-release intravitreal dexamethasone implant (DEX-i) in managing macular edema (ME) secondary to central and branch RVO.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to assess current literature on DEX-i for ME secondary to RVO. Relevant studies were analyzed for outcomes related to visual acuity, retinal thickness, and the safety profile of DEX-i in RVO treatment.ResultsEvidence indicates that DEX-i substantially improves best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and reduces central retinal thickness (CRT) in ME associated with both branch and central RVO, demonstrating rapid and sustained effects. Common adverse events associated with DEX-i included manageable complications, such as medically controlled intraocular pressure elevation and progression of cataracts.ConclusionDEX-i offers effective and sustained improvements in both visual and anatomical outcomes for patients with ME secondary to RVO. Individualized treatment selection is essential to optimize patient outcomes. Future directions include identifying predictive biomarkers and adopting patient-centered approaches based on individual clinical characteristics, which may enhance treatment success in RVO.
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spelling doaj-art-952d6bf983a64678ac033bc57eb41da32025-08-20T01:54:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2024-11-011110.3389/fmed.2024.14545911454591Long term efficacy and safety profile of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in retinal vein occlusions: a systematic reviewAdriano Carnevali0Daniela Bacherini1Cristian Metrangolo2Flavia Chiosi3Pasquale Viggiano4Carlo Astarita5Valentina Gallinaro6Vincenza M. E. Bonfiglio7Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, ItalySC Oculistica, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, ItalyDepartment of Ophthalmology, AORN dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, ItalyMedical Retina and Imaging Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine Neuroscience, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, ItalyAbbVie S.r.l., Rome, ItalyAbbVie S.r.l., Rome, ItalyDepartment of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, Eye Clinic, University of Palermo, Palermo, ItalyBackground/objectiveRetinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common, sight-threatening vascular disorder affecting individuals of all ages, with incidence increasing with age. Due to its complex, multifactorial nature, treating RVO remains a clinical challenge. Currently, treatment strategies include laser photocoagulation (especially for branch RVO), anti-VEGF therapies, and intravitreal corticosteroids. This systematic review (without meta-analysis) aimed to update the evidence on the efficacy and safety of the sustained-release intravitreal dexamethasone implant (DEX-i) in managing macular edema (ME) secondary to central and branch RVO.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to assess current literature on DEX-i for ME secondary to RVO. Relevant studies were analyzed for outcomes related to visual acuity, retinal thickness, and the safety profile of DEX-i in RVO treatment.ResultsEvidence indicates that DEX-i substantially improves best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and reduces central retinal thickness (CRT) in ME associated with both branch and central RVO, demonstrating rapid and sustained effects. Common adverse events associated with DEX-i included manageable complications, such as medically controlled intraocular pressure elevation and progression of cataracts.ConclusionDEX-i offers effective and sustained improvements in both visual and anatomical outcomes for patients with ME secondary to RVO. Individualized treatment selection is essential to optimize patient outcomes. Future directions include identifying predictive biomarkers and adopting patient-centered approaches based on individual clinical characteristics, which may enhance treatment success in RVO.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1454591/fullretinal vein occlusionbranch retinal vein occlusioncentral retinal vein occlusiondexamethasone intravitreal implantmacular edema
spellingShingle Adriano Carnevali
Daniela Bacherini
Cristian Metrangolo
Flavia Chiosi
Pasquale Viggiano
Carlo Astarita
Valentina Gallinaro
Vincenza M. E. Bonfiglio
Long term efficacy and safety profile of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in retinal vein occlusions: a systematic review
Frontiers in Medicine
retinal vein occlusion
branch retinal vein occlusion
central retinal vein occlusion
dexamethasone intravitreal implant
macular edema
title Long term efficacy and safety profile of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in retinal vein occlusions: a systematic review
title_full Long term efficacy and safety profile of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in retinal vein occlusions: a systematic review
title_fullStr Long term efficacy and safety profile of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in retinal vein occlusions: a systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Long term efficacy and safety profile of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in retinal vein occlusions: a systematic review
title_short Long term efficacy and safety profile of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in retinal vein occlusions: a systematic review
title_sort long term efficacy and safety profile of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in retinal vein occlusions a systematic review
topic retinal vein occlusion
branch retinal vein occlusion
central retinal vein occlusion
dexamethasone intravitreal implant
macular edema
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1454591/full
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