Exogenous melatonin as a natural preservative: a meta-analysis of its effects on fruit shelf life and oxidative stress during storage

Abstract Damage to fruits during the postharvest period is inevitable, with oxidative stress due to environmental factors being the primary cause. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the consistent effects of exogenous melatonin application on postharvest fruit quality and shelf life by evaluati...

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Main Authors: Rahmat Budiarto, Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin, Syariful Mubarok, Tri Ujilestari, Danung Nur Adli, Temoor Ahmed, Hayssam M. Ali
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-05-01
Series:Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-025-00781-3
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author Rahmat Budiarto
Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin
Syariful Mubarok
Tri Ujilestari
Danung Nur Adli
Temoor Ahmed
Hayssam M. Ali
author_facet Rahmat Budiarto
Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin
Syariful Mubarok
Tri Ujilestari
Danung Nur Adli
Temoor Ahmed
Hayssam M. Ali
author_sort Rahmat Budiarto
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Damage to fruits during the postharvest period is inevitable, with oxidative stress due to environmental factors being the primary cause. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the consistent effects of exogenous melatonin application on postharvest fruit quality and shelf life by evaluating its influence on physiological parameters, antioxidant capacities, and oxidative stress-related factors. Meta-analysis via the Hedges’ g random effects model was employed to assess 52 relevant studies, with model validation performed via Egger's test. The meta-analysis results indicated that exogenous melatonin application significantly reduced fruit damage parameters such as the browning index (g = − 0.542), fresh weight loss (g = − 0.689), and decay incidence (g = − 1.23; p < 0.001). Conversely, the values for chroma (g = 0.224), hue (g = 0.488), lightness (g = 0.154), and firmness (g = 0.444) increased significantly (p < 0.05). Chemical components such as ascorbic acid (g = 0.544), cellulose (g = 0.812), and titratable acidity (g = 0.308) also significantly increased (p < 0.001), while water-soluble pectin (g = − 0.935) decreased (p < 0.001). Antioxidant-related compounds, including phenolic acids, general flavonoids, and specifically pigmented molecules such as total anthocyanins (g = 0.33), increased significantly (p < 0.01), indicating enhanced fruit antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, exogenous melatonin led to an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase (g = 0.751), catalase (g = 0.815), and glutathione reductase (g = 0.918; p < 0.001), while decreasing the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes (p < 0.01). A positive trend was observed with a reduction in hydrogen peroxide (g = − 0.8) and malondialdehyde levels (g = − 0.696), both of which are related to oxidative stress. Moreover, application of exogenous melatonin at concentrations up to 500 µM consistently tended to reduce decay incidence during storage for up to 60 days. On the basis of response surface methodology (RSM), the optimal dose is 116 µM, which is predicted to result in a fresh weight loss of only 4.4% and an increase in ascorbic acid content to 57.3 mg/100 g of fresh weight. In conclusion, exogenous melatonin serves as an effective natural preservative that improves postharvest fruit shelf life by reducing the physiological activities associated with oxidative damage and enhancing antioxidant resistance. Graphical abstract
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spelling doaj-art-952941ced5d64114a0165907431f98d22025-08-20T02:31:58ZengSpringerOpenChemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture2196-56412025-05-0112113010.1186/s40538-025-00781-3Exogenous melatonin as a natural preservative: a meta-analysis of its effects on fruit shelf life and oxidative stress during storageRahmat Budiarto0Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin1Syariful Mubarok2Tri Ujilestari3Danung Nur Adli4Temoor Ahmed5Hayssam M. Ali6Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas PadjadjaranResearch Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas PadjadjaranResearch Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)Smart Livestock Industry Study Programme, Department of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas BrawijayaInstitute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityAbstract Damage to fruits during the postharvest period is inevitable, with oxidative stress due to environmental factors being the primary cause. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the consistent effects of exogenous melatonin application on postharvest fruit quality and shelf life by evaluating its influence on physiological parameters, antioxidant capacities, and oxidative stress-related factors. Meta-analysis via the Hedges’ g random effects model was employed to assess 52 relevant studies, with model validation performed via Egger's test. The meta-analysis results indicated that exogenous melatonin application significantly reduced fruit damage parameters such as the browning index (g = − 0.542), fresh weight loss (g = − 0.689), and decay incidence (g = − 1.23; p < 0.001). Conversely, the values for chroma (g = 0.224), hue (g = 0.488), lightness (g = 0.154), and firmness (g = 0.444) increased significantly (p < 0.05). Chemical components such as ascorbic acid (g = 0.544), cellulose (g = 0.812), and titratable acidity (g = 0.308) also significantly increased (p < 0.001), while water-soluble pectin (g = − 0.935) decreased (p < 0.001). Antioxidant-related compounds, including phenolic acids, general flavonoids, and specifically pigmented molecules such as total anthocyanins (g = 0.33), increased significantly (p < 0.01), indicating enhanced fruit antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, exogenous melatonin led to an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase (g = 0.751), catalase (g = 0.815), and glutathione reductase (g = 0.918; p < 0.001), while decreasing the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes (p < 0.01). A positive trend was observed with a reduction in hydrogen peroxide (g = − 0.8) and malondialdehyde levels (g = − 0.696), both of which are related to oxidative stress. Moreover, application of exogenous melatonin at concentrations up to 500 µM consistently tended to reduce decay incidence during storage for up to 60 days. On the basis of response surface methodology (RSM), the optimal dose is 116 µM, which is predicted to result in a fresh weight loss of only 4.4% and an increase in ascorbic acid content to 57.3 mg/100 g of fresh weight. In conclusion, exogenous melatonin serves as an effective natural preservative that improves postharvest fruit shelf life by reducing the physiological activities associated with oxidative damage and enhancing antioxidant resistance. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-025-00781-3AntioxidantsBrowning indexFruit damageOxidative stressTitratable acidity
spellingShingle Rahmat Budiarto
Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin
Syariful Mubarok
Tri Ujilestari
Danung Nur Adli
Temoor Ahmed
Hayssam M. Ali
Exogenous melatonin as a natural preservative: a meta-analysis of its effects on fruit shelf life and oxidative stress during storage
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
Antioxidants
Browning index
Fruit damage
Oxidative stress
Titratable acidity
title Exogenous melatonin as a natural preservative: a meta-analysis of its effects on fruit shelf life and oxidative stress during storage
title_full Exogenous melatonin as a natural preservative: a meta-analysis of its effects on fruit shelf life and oxidative stress during storage
title_fullStr Exogenous melatonin as a natural preservative: a meta-analysis of its effects on fruit shelf life and oxidative stress during storage
title_full_unstemmed Exogenous melatonin as a natural preservative: a meta-analysis of its effects on fruit shelf life and oxidative stress during storage
title_short Exogenous melatonin as a natural preservative: a meta-analysis of its effects on fruit shelf life and oxidative stress during storage
title_sort exogenous melatonin as a natural preservative a meta analysis of its effects on fruit shelf life and oxidative stress during storage
topic Antioxidants
Browning index
Fruit damage
Oxidative stress
Titratable acidity
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-025-00781-3
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