Electromagnetic–Mechanical–Acoustic Coupling Analysis of Transformers Under Geomagnetically Induced Current Interference
During geomagnetic storms, a geomagnetically induced current (GIC) flows into grounding transformers, potentially causing anomalous vibrations and audible noise in internal components. This study establishes an electromagnetic–mechanical–acoustic coupling (EMAC) model to characterize the multi-physi...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/13/5/437 |
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| author | Jingge An Chao Pan Xiaobo Shi |
| author_facet | Jingge An Chao Pan Xiaobo Shi |
| author_sort | Jingge An |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During geomagnetic storms, a geomagnetically induced current (GIC) flows into grounding transformers, potentially causing anomalous vibrations and audible noise in internal components. This study establishes an electromagnetic–mechanical–acoustic coupling (EMAC) model to characterize the multi-physics interactions in transformers under GIC interference. Based on the measured data, the GIC is classified into fluctuating and constant components according to its fluctuation characteristics. A propagation-path-based coupling model is proposed to investigate the correlated interactions among physical fields, extracting critical parameters, including winding current, magnetic flux, electromagnetic force, vibration, and noise. Comparative simulations reveal that the fluctuating component induces more complex multi-physics variations, generating significantly higher vibration amplitudes and noise levels compared to those of the constant component. A dynamic experimental platform is built to obtain multi-physics field information in different modes, and the effectiveness of the model and the correctness of the conclusions are verified through virtual–physical consistency validation. On this basis, multimodal feature information domains are established to delineate the operational state intervals of the transformer under GIC interference. Stability threshold criteria are subsequently developed, providing a critical quantitative basis for the condition monitoring of power transformers. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-951a2997c6164465a3c0e0973ec679d2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2075-1702 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Machines |
| spelling | doaj-art-951a2997c6164465a3c0e0973ec679d22025-08-20T02:33:57ZengMDPI AGMachines2075-17022025-05-0113543710.3390/machines13050437Electromagnetic–Mechanical–Acoustic Coupling Analysis of Transformers Under Geomagnetically Induced Current InterferenceJingge An0Chao Pan1Xiaobo Shi2Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology, Ministry of Education (Northeast Electric Power University), Jilin City 132012, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology, Ministry of Education (Northeast Electric Power University), Jilin City 132012, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology, Ministry of Education (Northeast Electric Power University), Jilin City 132012, ChinaDuring geomagnetic storms, a geomagnetically induced current (GIC) flows into grounding transformers, potentially causing anomalous vibrations and audible noise in internal components. This study establishes an electromagnetic–mechanical–acoustic coupling (EMAC) model to characterize the multi-physics interactions in transformers under GIC interference. Based on the measured data, the GIC is classified into fluctuating and constant components according to its fluctuation characteristics. A propagation-path-based coupling model is proposed to investigate the correlated interactions among physical fields, extracting critical parameters, including winding current, magnetic flux, electromagnetic force, vibration, and noise. Comparative simulations reveal that the fluctuating component induces more complex multi-physics variations, generating significantly higher vibration amplitudes and noise levels compared to those of the constant component. A dynamic experimental platform is built to obtain multi-physics field information in different modes, and the effectiveness of the model and the correctness of the conclusions are verified through virtual–physical consistency validation. On this basis, multimodal feature information domains are established to delineate the operational state intervals of the transformer under GIC interference. Stability threshold criteria are subsequently developed, providing a critical quantitative basis for the condition monitoring of power transformers.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/13/5/437electromagnetic–mechanical–acoustic coupling modelgeomagnetically induced currentgrounding transformermultimodal feature information domainstability threshold criteria |
| spellingShingle | Jingge An Chao Pan Xiaobo Shi Electromagnetic–Mechanical–Acoustic Coupling Analysis of Transformers Under Geomagnetically Induced Current Interference Machines electromagnetic–mechanical–acoustic coupling model geomagnetically induced current grounding transformer multimodal feature information domain stability threshold criteria |
| title | Electromagnetic–Mechanical–Acoustic Coupling Analysis of Transformers Under Geomagnetically Induced Current Interference |
| title_full | Electromagnetic–Mechanical–Acoustic Coupling Analysis of Transformers Under Geomagnetically Induced Current Interference |
| title_fullStr | Electromagnetic–Mechanical–Acoustic Coupling Analysis of Transformers Under Geomagnetically Induced Current Interference |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electromagnetic–Mechanical–Acoustic Coupling Analysis of Transformers Under Geomagnetically Induced Current Interference |
| title_short | Electromagnetic–Mechanical–Acoustic Coupling Analysis of Transformers Under Geomagnetically Induced Current Interference |
| title_sort | electromagnetic mechanical acoustic coupling analysis of transformers under geomagnetically induced current interference |
| topic | electromagnetic–mechanical–acoustic coupling model geomagnetically induced current grounding transformer multimodal feature information domain stability threshold criteria |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/13/5/437 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jinggean electromagneticmechanicalacousticcouplinganalysisoftransformersundergeomagneticallyinducedcurrentinterference AT chaopan electromagneticmechanicalacousticcouplinganalysisoftransformersundergeomagneticallyinducedcurrentinterference AT xiaoboshi electromagneticmechanicalacousticcouplinganalysisoftransformersundergeomagneticallyinducedcurrentinterference |