Cryopreservation and culture strategies for testicular tissue and cells in small and large animals

The preservation of testicular tissue and male germ cells represents a cutting-edge technique for safeguarding fertility, especially when sperm collection is not possible, such as in prepubertal animals, those that die unexpectedly or that receive gonadotoxic therapies after cancer detection, and in...

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Main Authors: Valeria Vurchio, Martina Colombo, Rolando Pasquariello, Gaia Cecilia Luvoni
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1638248/full
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author Valeria Vurchio
Martina Colombo
Rolando Pasquariello
Gaia Cecilia Luvoni
author_facet Valeria Vurchio
Martina Colombo
Rolando Pasquariello
Gaia Cecilia Luvoni
author_sort Valeria Vurchio
collection DOAJ
description The preservation of testicular tissue and male germ cells represents a cutting-edge technique for safeguarding fertility, especially when sperm collection is not possible, such as in prepubertal animals, those that die unexpectedly or that receive gonadotoxic therapies after cancer detection, and in adult males suffering from some pathology related to azoospermia. Current methods under investigation include the optimization of cryopreservation protocols, as well as the development of culture platforms to enable in vitro spermatogenesis (IVS). Although these approaches are still in the research and development phase, they have shown promising potential for male fertility preservation. Cryopreservation is a common method for long-term in vitro storage of tissue and cells, which enables the maintenance of reproductive capacity across different animal species and contributes to the creation of gene banks for endangered species. Spermatogenic cells from cryopreserved testicular tissue can be cultured in vitro and resume their functions after thawing, contributing to the preservation of fertility and genetic resources in both small and large animals. The main challenges of IVS include providing a suitable microenvironment that mimics the testicular niche to support the survival and development of all the cell types, as well as to achieve complete differentiation toward spermatozoa. Therefore, there is a great interest in developing methods to study IVS, both for basic research and clinical application. Given the importance of this topic, this review aims to provide an overview of recent advancements in the cryopreservation and culture of both testicular tissue and cells for preserving male fertility in large and small domestic animals.
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spelling doaj-art-950cd02d5fca41e080afa412eca2ddde2025-08-20T03:50:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-07-011210.3389/fvets.2025.16382481638248Cryopreservation and culture strategies for testicular tissue and cells in small and large animalsValeria Vurchio0Martina Colombo1Rolando Pasquariello2Gaia Cecilia Luvoni3Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ItalyThe preservation of testicular tissue and male germ cells represents a cutting-edge technique for safeguarding fertility, especially when sperm collection is not possible, such as in prepubertal animals, those that die unexpectedly or that receive gonadotoxic therapies after cancer detection, and in adult males suffering from some pathology related to azoospermia. Current methods under investigation include the optimization of cryopreservation protocols, as well as the development of culture platforms to enable in vitro spermatogenesis (IVS). Although these approaches are still in the research and development phase, they have shown promising potential for male fertility preservation. Cryopreservation is a common method for long-term in vitro storage of tissue and cells, which enables the maintenance of reproductive capacity across different animal species and contributes to the creation of gene banks for endangered species. Spermatogenic cells from cryopreserved testicular tissue can be cultured in vitro and resume their functions after thawing, contributing to the preservation of fertility and genetic resources in both small and large animals. The main challenges of IVS include providing a suitable microenvironment that mimics the testicular niche to support the survival and development of all the cell types, as well as to achieve complete differentiation toward spermatozoa. Therefore, there is a great interest in developing methods to study IVS, both for basic research and clinical application. Given the importance of this topic, this review aims to provide an overview of recent advancements in the cryopreservation and culture of both testicular tissue and cells for preserving male fertility in large and small domestic animals.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1638248/fullanimalsfreezingin vitro spermatogenesisstem cellstesticular tissuevitrification
spellingShingle Valeria Vurchio
Martina Colombo
Rolando Pasquariello
Gaia Cecilia Luvoni
Cryopreservation and culture strategies for testicular tissue and cells in small and large animals
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
animals
freezing
in vitro spermatogenesis
stem cells
testicular tissue
vitrification
title Cryopreservation and culture strategies for testicular tissue and cells in small and large animals
title_full Cryopreservation and culture strategies for testicular tissue and cells in small and large animals
title_fullStr Cryopreservation and culture strategies for testicular tissue and cells in small and large animals
title_full_unstemmed Cryopreservation and culture strategies for testicular tissue and cells in small and large animals
title_short Cryopreservation and culture strategies for testicular tissue and cells in small and large animals
title_sort cryopreservation and culture strategies for testicular tissue and cells in small and large animals
topic animals
freezing
in vitro spermatogenesis
stem cells
testicular tissue
vitrification
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1638248/full
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AT martinacolombo cryopreservationandculturestrategiesfortesticulartissueandcellsinsmallandlargeanimals
AT rolandopasquariello cryopreservationandculturestrategiesfortesticulartissueandcellsinsmallandlargeanimals
AT gaiacecilialuvoni cryopreservationandculturestrategiesfortesticulartissueandcellsinsmallandlargeanimals