Scalable Δ -AGC Logic for Enhanced Electromechanical Oscillation Damping in Modern Power Systems With Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Generators
Power systems with utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) can significantly influence the operating points (OPs) of synchronous generators, particularly during periods of high solar PV generation. A sudden drop in solar PV output due to cloud cover or other transient conditions will alter the generat...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Rajan Ratnakumar Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy |
| author_facet | Rajan Ratnakumar Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy |
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| description | Power systems with utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) can significantly influence the operating points (OPs) of synchronous generators, particularly during periods of high solar PV generation. A sudden drop in solar PV output due to cloud cover or other transient conditions will alter the generation of synchronous generators shifting their OPs. These shifted OPs can become a challenge for stability as the system may operate closer to its stability limits. If a disturbance occurs while the system is operating at the shifted OP, with reduced stability margins, it will be more vulnerable to increased oscillations, loss of synchronism of its generator(s) and system instability. This study introduces a scalable <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-automatic generation control (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-AGC) logic method designed to address stability challenges arising from shifts in the OPs of synchronous generators during abrupt drops in PV generation. By temporarily adjusting the OPs of synchronous generators through modification of their participation factors (PFs) in the AGC logic dispatch, the proposed method enhances power system stability. The proposed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-AGC logic method focuses on the optimal determination of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta PFs$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in power systems with large number of generators, using the concept of coherency and employing a hierarchical optimization strategy that includes both inter-coherent and intra-coherent group optimization. Additionally, a new electromechanical oscillation index (EMOI), integrating both time response analysis (TRA) and frequency response analysis (FRA), is utilized as an online situational awareness tool (SAT) for optimizing the system’s stability under various conditions. This online SAT has been implemented in a decentralized manner at the area level, limiting wide-area communication overheads and any cybersecurity concerns. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-AGC logic method is illustrated on a modified IEEE 68 bus system, incorporating large utility-scale solar PV plants, and is validated through real-time simulation. Various cases, including high-loading conditions with and without power system stabilizers, conventional AGC logic, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-AGC logic, are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-AGC logic method. The results illustrate the performance and benefits of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-AGC logic method, highlighting its potential to significantly enhance power system stability. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-94fd7a3fd3a2484b8803892d30a5d5fa2025-08-20T02:03:15ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113952889530610.1109/ACCESS.2025.357502811018173Scalable Δ -AGC Logic for Enhanced Electromechanical Oscillation Damping in Modern Power Systems With Utility-Scale Photovoltaic GeneratorsRajan Ratnakumar0https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6458-8802Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3154-8119Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Real-Time Power and Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USAHolcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Real-Time Power and Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USAPower systems with utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) can significantly influence the operating points (OPs) of synchronous generators, particularly during periods of high solar PV generation. A sudden drop in solar PV output due to cloud cover or other transient conditions will alter the generation of synchronous generators shifting their OPs. These shifted OPs can become a challenge for stability as the system may operate closer to its stability limits. If a disturbance occurs while the system is operating at the shifted OP, with reduced stability margins, it will be more vulnerable to increased oscillations, loss of synchronism of its generator(s) and system instability. This study introduces a scalable <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-automatic generation control (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-AGC) logic method designed to address stability challenges arising from shifts in the OPs of synchronous generators during abrupt drops in PV generation. By temporarily adjusting the OPs of synchronous generators through modification of their participation factors (PFs) in the AGC logic dispatch, the proposed method enhances power system stability. The proposed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-AGC logic method focuses on the optimal determination of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta PFs$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in power systems with large number of generators, using the concept of coherency and employing a hierarchical optimization strategy that includes both inter-coherent and intra-coherent group optimization. Additionally, a new electromechanical oscillation index (EMOI), integrating both time response analysis (TRA) and frequency response analysis (FRA), is utilized as an online situational awareness tool (SAT) for optimizing the system’s stability under various conditions. This online SAT has been implemented in a decentralized manner at the area level, limiting wide-area communication overheads and any cybersecurity concerns. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-AGC logic method is illustrated on a modified IEEE 68 bus system, incorporating large utility-scale solar PV plants, and is validated through real-time simulation. Various cases, including high-loading conditions with and without power system stabilizers, conventional AGC logic, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-AGC logic, are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-AGC logic method. The results illustrate the performance and benefits of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-AGC logic method, highlighting its potential to significantly enhance power system stability.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11018173/Automatic generation control (AGC) logicΔ-AGC logicdispatchelectromechanical oscillations (EMOs)solar photovoltaicstability |
| spellingShingle | Rajan Ratnakumar Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy Scalable Δ -AGC Logic for Enhanced Electromechanical Oscillation Damping in Modern Power Systems With Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Generators IEEE Access Automatic generation control (AGC) logic Δ-AGC logic dispatch electromechanical oscillations (EMOs) solar photovoltaic stability |
| title | Scalable Δ -AGC Logic for Enhanced Electromechanical Oscillation Damping in Modern Power Systems With Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Generators |
| title_full | Scalable Δ -AGC Logic for Enhanced Electromechanical Oscillation Damping in Modern Power Systems With Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Generators |
| title_fullStr | Scalable Δ -AGC Logic for Enhanced Electromechanical Oscillation Damping in Modern Power Systems With Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Generators |
| title_full_unstemmed | Scalable Δ -AGC Logic for Enhanced Electromechanical Oscillation Damping in Modern Power Systems With Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Generators |
| title_short | Scalable Δ -AGC Logic for Enhanced Electromechanical Oscillation Damping in Modern Power Systems With Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Generators |
| title_sort | scalable x0394 agc logic for enhanced electromechanical oscillation damping in modern power systems with utility scale photovoltaic generators |
| topic | Automatic generation control (AGC) logic Δ-AGC logic dispatch electromechanical oscillations (EMOs) solar photovoltaic stability |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11018173/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rajanratnakumar scalablex0394agclogicforenhancedelectromechanicaloscillationdampinginmodernpowersystemswithutilityscalephotovoltaicgenerators AT ganeshkvenayagamoorthy scalablex0394agclogicforenhancedelectromechanicaloscillationdampinginmodernpowersystemswithutilityscalephotovoltaicgenerators |