Exploring Meiotic Recombination and Its Potential Benefits in South African Beef Cattle: A Review

Meiotic recombination is a key evolutionary process that generates novel allele combinations during prophase I of meiosis, promoting genetic diversity and enabling the selection of desirable traits in livestock breeding. Although its molecular mechanisms are well-characterised in model organisms suc...

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Main Authors: Nozipho A. Magagula, Keabetswe T. Ncube, Avhashoni A. Zwane, Bohani Mtileni
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Veterinary Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/669
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author Nozipho A. Magagula
Keabetswe T. Ncube
Avhashoni A. Zwane
Bohani Mtileni
author_facet Nozipho A. Magagula
Keabetswe T. Ncube
Avhashoni A. Zwane
Bohani Mtileni
author_sort Nozipho A. Magagula
collection DOAJ
description Meiotic recombination is a key evolutionary process that generates novel allele combinations during prophase I of meiosis, promoting genetic diversity and enabling the selection of desirable traits in livestock breeding. Although its molecular mechanisms are well-characterised in model organisms such as humans and mice, studies in African indigenous cattle, particularly South African breeds, remain scarce. Key regulators of recombination, including <i>PRDM9</i>, <i>SPO11</i>, and <i>DMC1</i>, play essential roles in crossover formation and genome stability, with mutations in these genes often linked to fertility defects. Despite the Bonsmara and Nguni breeds’ exceptional adaptability to arid and resource-limited environments, little is known about how recombination contributes to their unique genetic architecture and adaptive traits. This review synthesises the current knowledge on the molecular basis of meiotic recombination, with a focus on prophase I events and associated structural proteins and enzymes. It also highlights the utility of genome-wide tools, particularly high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for recombination mapping. By focusing on the underexplored recombination landscape in South African beef cattle, this review identifies key knowledge gaps. It outlines how recombination studies can inform breeding strategies aimed at enhancing genetic improvement, conservation, and the long-term sustainability of local beef production systems.
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spelling doaj-art-94dd6bd66e62405ba842a593f59ea1f12025-08-20T03:32:28ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-07-0112766910.3390/vetsci12070669Exploring Meiotic Recombination and Its Potential Benefits in South African Beef Cattle: A ReviewNozipho A. Magagula0Keabetswe T. Ncube1Avhashoni A. Zwane2Bohani Mtileni3Department of Animal Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaDepartment of Animal Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaDepartment of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South AfricaDepartment of Animal Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaMeiotic recombination is a key evolutionary process that generates novel allele combinations during prophase I of meiosis, promoting genetic diversity and enabling the selection of desirable traits in livestock breeding. Although its molecular mechanisms are well-characterised in model organisms such as humans and mice, studies in African indigenous cattle, particularly South African breeds, remain scarce. Key regulators of recombination, including <i>PRDM9</i>, <i>SPO11</i>, and <i>DMC1</i>, play essential roles in crossover formation and genome stability, with mutations in these genes often linked to fertility defects. Despite the Bonsmara and Nguni breeds’ exceptional adaptability to arid and resource-limited environments, little is known about how recombination contributes to their unique genetic architecture and adaptive traits. This review synthesises the current knowledge on the molecular basis of meiotic recombination, with a focus on prophase I events and associated structural proteins and enzymes. It also highlights the utility of genome-wide tools, particularly high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for recombination mapping. By focusing on the underexplored recombination landscape in South African beef cattle, this review identifies key knowledge gaps. It outlines how recombination studies can inform breeding strategies aimed at enhancing genetic improvement, conservation, and the long-term sustainability of local beef production systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/669evolutionmeiosismolecular geneticssexual reproductionrecombination
spellingShingle Nozipho A. Magagula
Keabetswe T. Ncube
Avhashoni A. Zwane
Bohani Mtileni
Exploring Meiotic Recombination and Its Potential Benefits in South African Beef Cattle: A Review
Veterinary Sciences
evolution
meiosis
molecular genetics
sexual reproduction
recombination
title Exploring Meiotic Recombination and Its Potential Benefits in South African Beef Cattle: A Review
title_full Exploring Meiotic Recombination and Its Potential Benefits in South African Beef Cattle: A Review
title_fullStr Exploring Meiotic Recombination and Its Potential Benefits in South African Beef Cattle: A Review
title_full_unstemmed Exploring Meiotic Recombination and Its Potential Benefits in South African Beef Cattle: A Review
title_short Exploring Meiotic Recombination and Its Potential Benefits in South African Beef Cattle: A Review
title_sort exploring meiotic recombination and its potential benefits in south african beef cattle a review
topic evolution
meiosis
molecular genetics
sexual reproduction
recombination
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/669
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