Preparation of two kinds of immunocastration vaccines and their immune effects on male goats

Objective Post-pubertal male goats exhibit undesirable behaviors (fighting, mounting) and reduced growth due to high testosterone, while traditional castration causes stress. Immunocastration offers a humane alternative. This study aimed to develop effective immunocastration vaccines. Methods The go...

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Main Authors: Fuqiang Pan, Yumeng Guo, Panpan Cheng, Wei Qian, Mengdi Han, Qing Yi, Huihui Xie, Meng Cao, Yanqiuhong Li, Yuke Jia, Jiankun Cui, Xinbao Gong, Ziye Zhu, Fugui Fang, Yinghui Ling, Yunsheng Li, Jian Li, Ya Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies 2025-07-01
Series:Animal Bioscience
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Online Access:http://www.animbiosci.org/upload/pdf/ab-24-0811.pdf
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author Fuqiang Pan
Yumeng Guo
Panpan Cheng
Wei Qian
Mengdi Han
Qing Yi
Huihui Xie
Meng Cao
Yanqiuhong Li
Yuke Jia
Jiankun Cui
Xinbao Gong
Ziye Zhu
Fugui Fang
Yinghui Ling
Yunsheng Li
Jian Li
Ya Liu
author_facet Fuqiang Pan
Yumeng Guo
Panpan Cheng
Wei Qian
Mengdi Han
Qing Yi
Huihui Xie
Meng Cao
Yanqiuhong Li
Yuke Jia
Jiankun Cui
Xinbao Gong
Ziye Zhu
Fugui Fang
Yinghui Ling
Yunsheng Li
Jian Li
Ya Liu
author_sort Fuqiang Pan
collection DOAJ
description Objective Post-pubertal male goats exhibit undesirable behaviors (fighting, mounting) and reduced growth due to high testosterone, while traditional castration causes stress. Immunocastration offers a humane alternative. This study aimed to develop effective immunocastration vaccines. Methods The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) octamer vaccine (G8), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) and GnRH octamer tandem vaccine (LG) were developed and synthesized for this study. Forty 3-month-old male goats were randomly divided into four groups, and subjected to different treatments: surgical castration (SC group), immunization with the G8 vaccine (G8 group), immunization with the LG vaccine (LG group), or left intact (non-castration [NC] group). After the first immunization, serum antibodies and testosterone levels, as well as body weight, body size, and scrotal size, were measured at various time points. Testicular size and slaughter rate were measured at the time of slaughter, 20 weeks after the first immunization. Results Both vaccines effectively elicited the corresponding antibodies in male goats; the testosterone levels in the G8 and LG groups were significantly reduced compared to the NC group (p<0.01). Four weeks after the first immunization, this trend persisted throughout the experiment; the testicular organ index and size of the G8 group were significantly (p<0.05) smaller than those of NC group at slaughter. In comparison to the NC group, the seminiferous tubule diameter in the G8 and LG groups was significantly reduced (p<0.01), accompanied by a notable decrease in Leydig Cells and various stages of spermatogenic cells. Additionally, the weight gain of goats in the SC group was significantly lower than that of other groups two weeks after the first immunization (p<0.05). Conclusion The two immunocastration vaccines developed in this study effectively inhibit the testicular development and spermatogenesis in male goats, leading to a reduction in testosterone levels.
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spelling doaj-art-94d9477d64314685b3b6f2fcd8d9b86f2025-08-20T03:15:51ZengAsian-Australasian Association of Animal Production SocietiesAnimal Bioscience2765-01892765-02352025-07-013871411142110.5713/ab.24.081125463Preparation of two kinds of immunocastration vaccines and their immune effects on male goatsFuqiang Pan0Yumeng Guo1Panpan Cheng2Wei Qian3Mengdi Han4Qing Yi5Huihui Xie6Meng Cao7Yanqiuhong Li8Yuke Jia9Jiankun Cui10Xinbao Gong11Ziye Zhu12Fugui Fang13Yinghui Ling14Yunsheng Li15Jian Li16Ya Liu17 College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China College of Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, ChinaObjective Post-pubertal male goats exhibit undesirable behaviors (fighting, mounting) and reduced growth due to high testosterone, while traditional castration causes stress. Immunocastration offers a humane alternative. This study aimed to develop effective immunocastration vaccines. Methods The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) octamer vaccine (G8), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) and GnRH octamer tandem vaccine (LG) were developed and synthesized for this study. Forty 3-month-old male goats were randomly divided into four groups, and subjected to different treatments: surgical castration (SC group), immunization with the G8 vaccine (G8 group), immunization with the LG vaccine (LG group), or left intact (non-castration [NC] group). After the first immunization, serum antibodies and testosterone levels, as well as body weight, body size, and scrotal size, were measured at various time points. Testicular size and slaughter rate were measured at the time of slaughter, 20 weeks after the first immunization. Results Both vaccines effectively elicited the corresponding antibodies in male goats; the testosterone levels in the G8 and LG groups were significantly reduced compared to the NC group (p<0.01). Four weeks after the first immunization, this trend persisted throughout the experiment; the testicular organ index and size of the G8 group were significantly (p<0.05) smaller than those of NC group at slaughter. In comparison to the NC group, the seminiferous tubule diameter in the G8 and LG groups was significantly reduced (p<0.01), accompanied by a notable decrease in Leydig Cells and various stages of spermatogenic cells. Additionally, the weight gain of goats in the SC group was significantly lower than that of other groups two weeks after the first immunization (p<0.05). Conclusion The two immunocastration vaccines developed in this study effectively inhibit the testicular development and spermatogenesis in male goats, leading to a reduction in testosterone levels.http://www.animbiosci.org/upload/pdf/ab-24-0811.pdfgoatgonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh)immunocastrationluteinizing hormone receptor (lhr)vaccine
spellingShingle Fuqiang Pan
Yumeng Guo
Panpan Cheng
Wei Qian
Mengdi Han
Qing Yi
Huihui Xie
Meng Cao
Yanqiuhong Li
Yuke Jia
Jiankun Cui
Xinbao Gong
Ziye Zhu
Fugui Fang
Yinghui Ling
Yunsheng Li
Jian Li
Ya Liu
Preparation of two kinds of immunocastration vaccines and their immune effects on male goats
Animal Bioscience
goat
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh)
immunocastration
luteinizing hormone receptor (lhr)
vaccine
title Preparation of two kinds of immunocastration vaccines and their immune effects on male goats
title_full Preparation of two kinds of immunocastration vaccines and their immune effects on male goats
title_fullStr Preparation of two kinds of immunocastration vaccines and their immune effects on male goats
title_full_unstemmed Preparation of two kinds of immunocastration vaccines and their immune effects on male goats
title_short Preparation of two kinds of immunocastration vaccines and their immune effects on male goats
title_sort preparation of two kinds of immunocastration vaccines and their immune effects on male goats
topic goat
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh)
immunocastration
luteinizing hormone receptor (lhr)
vaccine
url http://www.animbiosci.org/upload/pdf/ab-24-0811.pdf
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