Transcriptional Dynamics Underlying Somatic Embryogenesis in <i>Coffea canephora</i>

In <i>Coffea canephora</i>, a direct somatic embryogenesis (SE) protocol has been established by pretreating plants with NAA and kinetin, followed by the induction of leaf explants in a liquid medium with BA. Through a transcriptomic analysis of 10 key moments of the induction of SE in &...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Marcos-David Couoh-Cauich, Hugo A. Méndez-Hernández, Rosa M. Galaz-Ávalos, Ana Odetth Quintana-Escobar, Enrique Ibarra-Laclette, Víctor M. Loyola-Vargas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Plants
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/7/1108
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849730185934405632
author Marcos-David Couoh-Cauich
Hugo A. Méndez-Hernández
Rosa M. Galaz-Ávalos
Ana Odetth Quintana-Escobar
Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
Víctor M. Loyola-Vargas
author_facet Marcos-David Couoh-Cauich
Hugo A. Méndez-Hernández
Rosa M. Galaz-Ávalos
Ana Odetth Quintana-Escobar
Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
Víctor M. Loyola-Vargas
author_sort Marcos-David Couoh-Cauich
collection DOAJ
description In <i>Coffea canephora</i>, a direct somatic embryogenesis (SE) protocol has been established by pretreating plants with NAA and kinetin, followed by the induction of leaf explants in a liquid medium with BA. Through a transcriptomic analysis of 10 key moments of the induction of SE in <i>C. canephora</i>, we were able to establish that the transcriptional responses of this process are divided into four stages. These stages correspond to the pretreatment, characterized by the positive regulation of genes associated with cell wall remodeling, flavonoid biosynthesis, and antioxidant activity that prepare the explants for the intense cellular activity that represents the induction of SE. During the first few hours, the early response to induction occurs, characterized by the highest number of differentially expressed genes, most related to the response to multiple stimuli. At 24 h, a late response begins with the upregulation of genes related to energy production and the biosynthesis of amino acids. Finally, <i>WOX</i>, <i>BBM</i>, and <i>ABI3</i> genes are upregulated during the embryogenic response. The downregulation of genes related to the circadian cycle, photomorphogenesis, photosynthesis, and chloroplast components were observed throughout the process. The detailed analysis of the primary transcriptional responses that occur during the SE of <i>C. canephora</i> helps us to clarify how auxins and cytokinins orchestrate the integration of different networks of plant metabolism and lead to the development of somatic embryos.
format Article
id doaj-art-94d92ffcd8454ba1b2a066f2bf0c277d
institution DOAJ
issn 2223-7747
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Plants
spelling doaj-art-94d92ffcd8454ba1b2a066f2bf0c277d2025-08-20T03:08:57ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-04-01147110810.3390/plants14071108Transcriptional Dynamics Underlying Somatic Embryogenesis in <i>Coffea canephora</i>Marcos-David Couoh-Cauich0Hugo A. Méndez-Hernández1Rosa M. Galaz-Ávalos2Ana Odetth Quintana-Escobar3Enrique Ibarra-Laclette4Víctor M. Loyola-Vargas5Unidad de Biología Integrativa, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130 x 32 y 34, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, MexicoUnidad de Biología Integrativa, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130 x 32 y 34, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, MexicoUnidad de Biología Integrativa, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130 x 32 y 34, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, MexicoUnidad de Biología Integrativa, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130 x 32 y 34, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, MexicoRed de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, MexicoUnidad de Biología Integrativa, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130 x 32 y 34, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, MexicoIn <i>Coffea canephora</i>, a direct somatic embryogenesis (SE) protocol has been established by pretreating plants with NAA and kinetin, followed by the induction of leaf explants in a liquid medium with BA. Through a transcriptomic analysis of 10 key moments of the induction of SE in <i>C. canephora</i>, we were able to establish that the transcriptional responses of this process are divided into four stages. These stages correspond to the pretreatment, characterized by the positive regulation of genes associated with cell wall remodeling, flavonoid biosynthesis, and antioxidant activity that prepare the explants for the intense cellular activity that represents the induction of SE. During the first few hours, the early response to induction occurs, characterized by the highest number of differentially expressed genes, most related to the response to multiple stimuli. At 24 h, a late response begins with the upregulation of genes related to energy production and the biosynthesis of amino acids. Finally, <i>WOX</i>, <i>BBM</i>, and <i>ABI3</i> genes are upregulated during the embryogenic response. The downregulation of genes related to the circadian cycle, photomorphogenesis, photosynthesis, and chloroplast components were observed throughout the process. The detailed analysis of the primary transcriptional responses that occur during the SE of <i>C. canephora</i> helps us to clarify how auxins and cytokinins orchestrate the integration of different networks of plant metabolism and lead to the development of somatic embryos.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/7/1108auxinscytokininstranscriptome
spellingShingle Marcos-David Couoh-Cauich
Hugo A. Méndez-Hernández
Rosa M. Galaz-Ávalos
Ana Odetth Quintana-Escobar
Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
Víctor M. Loyola-Vargas
Transcriptional Dynamics Underlying Somatic Embryogenesis in <i>Coffea canephora</i>
Plants
auxins
cytokinins
transcriptome
title Transcriptional Dynamics Underlying Somatic Embryogenesis in <i>Coffea canephora</i>
title_full Transcriptional Dynamics Underlying Somatic Embryogenesis in <i>Coffea canephora</i>
title_fullStr Transcriptional Dynamics Underlying Somatic Embryogenesis in <i>Coffea canephora</i>
title_full_unstemmed Transcriptional Dynamics Underlying Somatic Embryogenesis in <i>Coffea canephora</i>
title_short Transcriptional Dynamics Underlying Somatic Embryogenesis in <i>Coffea canephora</i>
title_sort transcriptional dynamics underlying somatic embryogenesis in i coffea canephora i
topic auxins
cytokinins
transcriptome
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/7/1108
work_keys_str_mv AT marcosdavidcouohcauich transcriptionaldynamicsunderlyingsomaticembryogenesisinicoffeacanephorai
AT hugoamendezhernandez transcriptionaldynamicsunderlyingsomaticembryogenesisinicoffeacanephorai
AT rosamgalazavalos transcriptionaldynamicsunderlyingsomaticembryogenesisinicoffeacanephorai
AT anaodetthquintanaescobar transcriptionaldynamicsunderlyingsomaticembryogenesisinicoffeacanephorai
AT enriqueibarralaclette transcriptionaldynamicsunderlyingsomaticembryogenesisinicoffeacanephorai
AT victormloyolavargas transcriptionaldynamicsunderlyingsomaticembryogenesisinicoffeacanephorai