What Is On the Horizon for the Diagnosis and Treatment of SCLC and Large Cell Neuroendocrine Cancer?
SCLC is a high-grade neuroendocrine malignancy associated with poor prognosis, comprising 15% of lung cancer cases globally. Advances in genetic profiling have revealed that SCLC is a molecularly heterogeneous disease, categorized into subtypes such as SCLC-A, SCLC-N, SCLC-P, and SCLC-I, on the basi...
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | JTO Clinical and Research Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666364325000888 |
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| author | Sun Min Lim, MD, PhD Joo Sung Gabriel Shim, MD Hyo Sup Shim, MD, PhD Junko Tanizaki, MD, PhD Jorn Nutzinger, MD Byoung Chul Cho, MD, PhD Ross A. Soo, MBBS, PhD |
| author_facet | Sun Min Lim, MD, PhD Joo Sung Gabriel Shim, MD Hyo Sup Shim, MD, PhD Junko Tanizaki, MD, PhD Jorn Nutzinger, MD Byoung Chul Cho, MD, PhD Ross A. Soo, MBBS, PhD |
| author_sort | Sun Min Lim, MD, PhD |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | SCLC is a high-grade neuroendocrine malignancy associated with poor prognosis, comprising 15% of lung cancer cases globally. Advances in genetic profiling have revealed that SCLC is a molecularly heterogeneous disease, categorized into subtypes such as SCLC-A, SCLC-N, SCLC-P, and SCLC-I, on the basis of their neuroendocrine and immune-related characteristics. This heterogeneity underscores the need for tailored therapeutic strategies.Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) shares histologic and molecular similarities with SCLC but remains a distinct entity. LCNEC is categorized into two major subtypes: Type I, characterized by STK11 and KEAP1 mutations and a neuroendocrine phenotype, and Type II, defined by TP53 and RB1 alterations with higher proliferative indices. LCNEC's rarity and molecular diversity present challenges for standardized treatment, further highlighting the need for comparative research with SCLC.In this review, we highlight the genetic and clinicopathologic features of SCLC and LCNEC. Furthermore, we discuss emerging therapeutics and future directions in the treatment of SCLC and LCNEC. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-94be2d2c92ae4137a81e6aa6cd32e552 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-3643 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JTO Clinical and Research Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-94be2d2c92ae4137a81e6aa6cd32e5522025-08-20T03:40:37ZengElsevierJTO Clinical and Research Reports2666-36432025-09-016910087110.1016/j.jtocrr.2025.100871What Is On the Horizon for the Diagnosis and Treatment of SCLC and Large Cell Neuroendocrine Cancer?Sun Min Lim, MD, PhD0Joo Sung Gabriel Shim, MD1Hyo Sup Shim, MD, PhD2Junko Tanizaki, MD, PhD3Jorn Nutzinger, MD4Byoung Chul Cho, MD, PhD5Ross A. Soo, MBBS, PhD6Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Medical Oncology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, JapanDepartment of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, SingaporeDivision of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore; Corresponding author. Address for correspondence: Ross A. Soo, MBBS, PhD, Department of Haematology–Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Level 7 NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228 Singapore.SCLC is a high-grade neuroendocrine malignancy associated with poor prognosis, comprising 15% of lung cancer cases globally. Advances in genetic profiling have revealed that SCLC is a molecularly heterogeneous disease, categorized into subtypes such as SCLC-A, SCLC-N, SCLC-P, and SCLC-I, on the basis of their neuroendocrine and immune-related characteristics. This heterogeneity underscores the need for tailored therapeutic strategies.Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) shares histologic and molecular similarities with SCLC but remains a distinct entity. LCNEC is categorized into two major subtypes: Type I, characterized by STK11 and KEAP1 mutations and a neuroendocrine phenotype, and Type II, defined by TP53 and RB1 alterations with higher proliferative indices. LCNEC's rarity and molecular diversity present challenges for standardized treatment, further highlighting the need for comparative research with SCLC.In this review, we highlight the genetic and clinicopathologic features of SCLC and LCNEC. Furthermore, we discuss emerging therapeutics and future directions in the treatment of SCLC and LCNEC.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666364325000888Small cell lung cancerLarge cell neuroendocrine carcinomaDiagnosticsNovel therapies |
| spellingShingle | Sun Min Lim, MD, PhD Joo Sung Gabriel Shim, MD Hyo Sup Shim, MD, PhD Junko Tanizaki, MD, PhD Jorn Nutzinger, MD Byoung Chul Cho, MD, PhD Ross A. Soo, MBBS, PhD What Is On the Horizon for the Diagnosis and Treatment of SCLC and Large Cell Neuroendocrine Cancer? JTO Clinical and Research Reports Small cell lung cancer Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma Diagnostics Novel therapies |
| title | What Is On the Horizon for the Diagnosis and Treatment of SCLC and Large Cell Neuroendocrine Cancer? |
| title_full | What Is On the Horizon for the Diagnosis and Treatment of SCLC and Large Cell Neuroendocrine Cancer? |
| title_fullStr | What Is On the Horizon for the Diagnosis and Treatment of SCLC and Large Cell Neuroendocrine Cancer? |
| title_full_unstemmed | What Is On the Horizon for the Diagnosis and Treatment of SCLC and Large Cell Neuroendocrine Cancer? |
| title_short | What Is On the Horizon for the Diagnosis and Treatment of SCLC and Large Cell Neuroendocrine Cancer? |
| title_sort | what is on the horizon for the diagnosis and treatment of sclc and large cell neuroendocrine cancer |
| topic | Small cell lung cancer Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma Diagnostics Novel therapies |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666364325000888 |
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