Synthesis and characterization of bio-based flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric

The study explored the use of plant-derived bio-based materials for creating flame-retardant coatings on cotton fabric. Two formulations were prepared: one using banana peel powder combined with ammonium phosphate (BPE/(NH4)3PO4), and the other using soybean and ammonium phosphate with pumpkin extra...

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Main Authors: Nurul Hidayah Abu Bakar, Wan Norfazilah Wan Ismail
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Next Materials
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949822824003769
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author Nurul Hidayah Abu Bakar
Wan Norfazilah Wan Ismail
author_facet Nurul Hidayah Abu Bakar
Wan Norfazilah Wan Ismail
author_sort Nurul Hidayah Abu Bakar
collection DOAJ
description The study explored the use of plant-derived bio-based materials for creating flame-retardant coatings on cotton fabric. Two formulations were prepared: one using banana peel powder combined with ammonium phosphate (BPE/(NH4)3PO4), and the other using soybean and ammonium phosphate with pumpkin extract (soybean/(NH4)3PO4−pumpkin extract). The Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis confirmed the presence of flame-retardant organic compounds in both formulations. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging revealed a uniform and smooth coating on the fabric treated with soybean/(NH4)3PO4−pumpkin extract, whereas the fabric coated with BPE/(NH4)3PO4 exhibited uneven deposition and small agglomerates. Both vertical burning test and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted to assess the fabric’s flame resistance and thermal properties. The vertical burning test demonstrated that the coated cotton fabric sustained minimal damage, ignited later, and had shorter char length compared to the uncoated fabric. Increasing the bio-based materials in both coatings contributed to this effect. TGA analysis revealed that the coated cotton fabric retained more mass at elevated temperatures than the uncoated fabric. Both burning tests confirmed the efficacy of the bio-based flame-retardant coating on cotton fabric, validating the success of this study.
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spelling doaj-art-94ba338009c04f35a9642fed2a9d7c9a2025-08-20T03:02:01ZengElsevierNext Materials2949-82282025-01-01610047810.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100478Synthesis and characterization of bio-based flame-retardant coating for cotton fabricNurul Hidayah Abu Bakar0Wan Norfazilah Wan Ismail1Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, MalaysiaFaculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Bioaromatic Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Corresponding author at: Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.The study explored the use of plant-derived bio-based materials for creating flame-retardant coatings on cotton fabric. Two formulations were prepared: one using banana peel powder combined with ammonium phosphate (BPE/(NH4)3PO4), and the other using soybean and ammonium phosphate with pumpkin extract (soybean/(NH4)3PO4−pumpkin extract). The Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis confirmed the presence of flame-retardant organic compounds in both formulations. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging revealed a uniform and smooth coating on the fabric treated with soybean/(NH4)3PO4−pumpkin extract, whereas the fabric coated with BPE/(NH4)3PO4 exhibited uneven deposition and small agglomerates. Both vertical burning test and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted to assess the fabric’s flame resistance and thermal properties. The vertical burning test demonstrated that the coated cotton fabric sustained minimal damage, ignited later, and had shorter char length compared to the uncoated fabric. Increasing the bio-based materials in both coatings contributed to this effect. TGA analysis revealed that the coated cotton fabric retained more mass at elevated temperatures than the uncoated fabric. Both burning tests confirmed the efficacy of the bio-based flame-retardant coating on cotton fabric, validating the success of this study.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949822824003769Bio-based flame-retardantBanana peel powderPumpkin extractSoybeanAmmonium phosphate
spellingShingle Nurul Hidayah Abu Bakar
Wan Norfazilah Wan Ismail
Synthesis and characterization of bio-based flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric
Next Materials
Bio-based flame-retardant
Banana peel powder
Pumpkin extract
Soybean
Ammonium phosphate
title Synthesis and characterization of bio-based flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric
title_full Synthesis and characterization of bio-based flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric
title_fullStr Synthesis and characterization of bio-based flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis and characterization of bio-based flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric
title_short Synthesis and characterization of bio-based flame-retardant coating for cotton fabric
title_sort synthesis and characterization of bio based flame retardant coating for cotton fabric
topic Bio-based flame-retardant
Banana peel powder
Pumpkin extract
Soybean
Ammonium phosphate
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949822824003769
work_keys_str_mv AT nurulhidayahabubakar synthesisandcharacterizationofbiobasedflameretardantcoatingforcottonfabric
AT wannorfazilahwanismail synthesisandcharacterizationofbiobasedflameretardantcoatingforcottonfabric