Biogenesis and biological implications of isomiRs in mammals- a review

Abstract Background IsomiRs, the sequence-variants of microRNA (miRNA), are characterized by variation at the 3′- and/or 5′-end(s) of canonical miRNA-sequence as a result of nucleotide addition or deletion or substitution. These sequence alterations could be created either due to imprecise cleavage...

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Main Authors: Jasdeep Kaur Dhanoa, Ramneek Verma, R. S. Sethi, Jaspreet Singh Arora, C. S. Mukhopadhyay
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: ELS Publishing (ELSP) 2019-02-01
Series:ExRNA
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Online Access:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41544-018-0003-8
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author Jasdeep Kaur Dhanoa
Ramneek Verma
R. S. Sethi
Jaspreet Singh Arora
C. S. Mukhopadhyay
author_facet Jasdeep Kaur Dhanoa
Ramneek Verma
R. S. Sethi
Jaspreet Singh Arora
C. S. Mukhopadhyay
author_sort Jasdeep Kaur Dhanoa
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background IsomiRs, the sequence-variants of microRNA (miRNA), are characterized by variation at the 3′- and/or 5′-end(s) of canonical miRNA-sequence as a result of nucleotide addition or deletion or substitution. These sequence alterations could be created either due to imprecise cleavage of miRNA sequence by drosha or dicer enzymes or through the addition of nucleotides at 3′ end during miRNA-biogenesis. Main body The present review elaborates the biogenesis vis-à-vis role of isomiRs in disease-related traits in human and animals. The differential expression of isomiRs has been detected in the early and late developmental phases during embryogenesis in fruit fly and halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). Multidimentional role of isomiRs viz. in gene regulation, evolution, RNA interference pathway and differentiation of tumorous cells etc. has attracted researchers to explore the biological significance of isomiRs in different species. Biocomputational identification of isomiRs using suitable online software/tools (miR-isomiRExp, miRPro, isomiRBank, isomiR-SEA etc) has been followed by empirical validation and pathway analyses. Conclusion IsomiRs have been associated with various disease–pathways and thus could be used as promising disease-related markers in humans and livestock. In addition, the involvement of isomiRs in cancer and other diseases has been the major topic of interest due to the involvement of different biogenesis pathways.
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spelling doaj-art-94aeda3e4d2a4c3cb0660a606a4483a92025-08-20T03:34:52ZengELS Publishing (ELSP)ExRNA2398-00602019-02-01111810.1186/s41544-018-0003-8Biogenesis and biological implications of isomiRs in mammals- a reviewJasdeep Kaur Dhanoa0Ramneek Verma1R. S. Sethi2Jaspreet Singh Arora3C. S. Mukhopadhyay4School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversitySchool of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversitySchool of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversitySchool of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversitySchool of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityAbstract Background IsomiRs, the sequence-variants of microRNA (miRNA), are characterized by variation at the 3′- and/or 5′-end(s) of canonical miRNA-sequence as a result of nucleotide addition or deletion or substitution. These sequence alterations could be created either due to imprecise cleavage of miRNA sequence by drosha or dicer enzymes or through the addition of nucleotides at 3′ end during miRNA-biogenesis. Main body The present review elaborates the biogenesis vis-à-vis role of isomiRs in disease-related traits in human and animals. The differential expression of isomiRs has been detected in the early and late developmental phases during embryogenesis in fruit fly and halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). Multidimentional role of isomiRs viz. in gene regulation, evolution, RNA interference pathway and differentiation of tumorous cells etc. has attracted researchers to explore the biological significance of isomiRs in different species. Biocomputational identification of isomiRs using suitable online software/tools (miR-isomiRExp, miRPro, isomiRBank, isomiR-SEA etc) has been followed by empirical validation and pathway analyses. Conclusion IsomiRs have been associated with various disease–pathways and thus could be used as promising disease-related markers in humans and livestock. In addition, the involvement of isomiRs in cancer and other diseases has been the major topic of interest due to the involvement of different biogenesis pathways.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41544-018-0003-8IsomiRDisease-markerLivestockmiRNABiological pathways
spellingShingle Jasdeep Kaur Dhanoa
Ramneek Verma
R. S. Sethi
Jaspreet Singh Arora
C. S. Mukhopadhyay
Biogenesis and biological implications of isomiRs in mammals- a review
ExRNA
IsomiR
Disease-marker
Livestock
miRNA
Biological pathways
title Biogenesis and biological implications of isomiRs in mammals- a review
title_full Biogenesis and biological implications of isomiRs in mammals- a review
title_fullStr Biogenesis and biological implications of isomiRs in mammals- a review
title_full_unstemmed Biogenesis and biological implications of isomiRs in mammals- a review
title_short Biogenesis and biological implications of isomiRs in mammals- a review
title_sort biogenesis and biological implications of isomirs in mammals a review
topic IsomiR
Disease-marker
Livestock
miRNA
Biological pathways
url http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41544-018-0003-8
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