Case Report: Reactive T-cell large granular lymphocytes in the bone marrow of a patient with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma receiving teclistamab

T-cell engager therapies for the management of relapsed/refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM) may lead to neutropenia with or without associated infections, which can limit treatment and efficacy. We present a case of a patient with penta-class R/R MM who, while receiving teclistamab, developed per...

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Main Authors: Erin A. Dean, Li-Jun Yang, Robert P. Seifert, John R. Wingard
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1630929/full
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author Erin A. Dean
Li-Jun Yang
Robert P. Seifert
John R. Wingard
author_facet Erin A. Dean
Li-Jun Yang
Robert P. Seifert
John R. Wingard
author_sort Erin A. Dean
collection DOAJ
description T-cell engager therapies for the management of relapsed/refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM) may lead to neutropenia with or without associated infections, which can limit treatment and efficacy. We present a case of a patient with penta-class R/R MM who, while receiving teclistamab, developed persistent severe to moderate neutropenia with associated infections. A review of her bone marrow confirmed the eradication of the malignant plasma cells, but flow cytometry identified an increase in T-cell large granular lymphocytes (T-LGLs). Upon further analysis, T-LGLs were found to be reactive and non-clonal, ruling out secondary T-LGL leukemia. This case describes the evolving peripheral blood cell counts, bone marrow composition, and radiologic findings due to the activation of the patient’s immune system before, during, and after treatment with teclistamab. To our knowledge, this is the first reported potential association of T-LGL activation with teclistamab treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-9474c8f42ada4aa5aa199344ad9bd21d2025-08-20T03:44:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2025-08-011510.3389/fonc.2025.16309291630929Case Report: Reactive T-cell large granular lymphocytes in the bone marrow of a patient with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma receiving teclistamabErin A. Dean0Li-Jun Yang1Robert P. Seifert2John R. Wingard3Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesT-cell engager therapies for the management of relapsed/refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM) may lead to neutropenia with or without associated infections, which can limit treatment and efficacy. We present a case of a patient with penta-class R/R MM who, while receiving teclistamab, developed persistent severe to moderate neutropenia with associated infections. A review of her bone marrow confirmed the eradication of the malignant plasma cells, but flow cytometry identified an increase in T-cell large granular lymphocytes (T-LGLs). Upon further analysis, T-LGLs were found to be reactive and non-clonal, ruling out secondary T-LGL leukemia. This case describes the evolving peripheral blood cell counts, bone marrow composition, and radiologic findings due to the activation of the patient’s immune system before, during, and after treatment with teclistamab. To our knowledge, this is the first reported potential association of T-LGL activation with teclistamab treatment.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1630929/fullmultiple myelomaT-LGLteclistamabbispecific antibodies (BsAbs)bone marrow microenvironment (BMME)
spellingShingle Erin A. Dean
Li-Jun Yang
Robert P. Seifert
John R. Wingard
Case Report: Reactive T-cell large granular lymphocytes in the bone marrow of a patient with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma receiving teclistamab
Frontiers in Oncology
multiple myeloma
T-LGL
teclistamab
bispecific antibodies (BsAbs)
bone marrow microenvironment (BMME)
title Case Report: Reactive T-cell large granular lymphocytes in the bone marrow of a patient with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma receiving teclistamab
title_full Case Report: Reactive T-cell large granular lymphocytes in the bone marrow of a patient with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma receiving teclistamab
title_fullStr Case Report: Reactive T-cell large granular lymphocytes in the bone marrow of a patient with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma receiving teclistamab
title_full_unstemmed Case Report: Reactive T-cell large granular lymphocytes in the bone marrow of a patient with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma receiving teclistamab
title_short Case Report: Reactive T-cell large granular lymphocytes in the bone marrow of a patient with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma receiving teclistamab
title_sort case report reactive t cell large granular lymphocytes in the bone marrow of a patient with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma receiving teclistamab
topic multiple myeloma
T-LGL
teclistamab
bispecific antibodies (BsAbs)
bone marrow microenvironment (BMME)
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1630929/full
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