Efficient in vitro regeneration and overcoming premature senescence of Chenopodium quinoa willd

Abstract In this study, the hypocotyls of quinoa (cultivar ‘Qingqua I’) were used as the initial explants. The effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on induction of quinoa hypocotyl callus, adventitious shoots, and their elongation were investigated. The surface sterilization of seeds was conduc...

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Main Authors: Yumei Xie, Jieyu Liu, Keyuan Zheng, Yuan Chen, Mulan Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03598-0
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author Yumei Xie
Jieyu Liu
Keyuan Zheng
Yuan Chen
Mulan Zhu
author_facet Yumei Xie
Jieyu Liu
Keyuan Zheng
Yuan Chen
Mulan Zhu
author_sort Yumei Xie
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In this study, the hypocotyls of quinoa (cultivar ‘Qingqua I’) were used as the initial explants. The effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on induction of quinoa hypocotyl callus, adventitious shoots, and their elongation were investigated. The surface sterilization of seeds was conducted through sequential immersion in 75% (v/v) ethanol and 10% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite solution. The influence of proline concentrations for texture of callus, and macroelement levels of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium for overcoming premature senescence of shoots were explored. The highest induction of callus (97.78 ± 1.92%) was observed in presence of 0.2 mg/L 6-benzyl adenine (BA) and 2 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in MS medium. The highest densities of callus (0.42 ± 0.006 g/cm3) were achieved on MS medium containing from 1 mg/L BA, 0.1 mg/L NAA, and 0.2 g/L proline, which was optimum for induction of adventitious shoots, exhibiting the highest rate of adventitious shoot regeneration of 89.63 ± 2.67% and the highest adventitious shoot number of 40.50 ± 0.74. The best medium for overcoming the premature senescence of shoots was the medium with triple macronutrients (3MS) of 0.1 mg/L BA and 0.01 mg/L NAA. The exhibited a premature senescence rate of only 8.15 ± 1.09%, an elongation rate of 88.76 ± 1.14% of adventitious shoots, mean height of shoot per explant was 6.85 ± 0.02 cm, robust shoots and tender green leaves. For rooting, the best medium was the one which contained 0.6 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), in which rooting was observed after 9.0 ± 0.3 d of rooting d, 98.52 ± 0.75% of rooting rate, and 16.90 ± 0.38 mean number of roots per explant were achieved. For the first time, we have overcome the challenge of premature senescence in quinoa, and this can be useful for other species.
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spelling doaj-art-944d005bc28744b886495faf042276e22025-08-20T02:00:01ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-03598-0Efficient in vitro regeneration and overcoming premature senescence of Chenopodium quinoa willdYumei Xie0Jieyu Liu1Keyuan Zheng2Yuan Chen3Mulan Zhu4Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenNational Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenAbstract In this study, the hypocotyls of quinoa (cultivar ‘Qingqua I’) were used as the initial explants. The effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on induction of quinoa hypocotyl callus, adventitious shoots, and their elongation were investigated. The surface sterilization of seeds was conducted through sequential immersion in 75% (v/v) ethanol and 10% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite solution. The influence of proline concentrations for texture of callus, and macroelement levels of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium for overcoming premature senescence of shoots were explored. The highest induction of callus (97.78 ± 1.92%) was observed in presence of 0.2 mg/L 6-benzyl adenine (BA) and 2 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in MS medium. The highest densities of callus (0.42 ± 0.006 g/cm3) were achieved on MS medium containing from 1 mg/L BA, 0.1 mg/L NAA, and 0.2 g/L proline, which was optimum for induction of adventitious shoots, exhibiting the highest rate of adventitious shoot regeneration of 89.63 ± 2.67% and the highest adventitious shoot number of 40.50 ± 0.74. The best medium for overcoming the premature senescence of shoots was the medium with triple macronutrients (3MS) of 0.1 mg/L BA and 0.01 mg/L NAA. The exhibited a premature senescence rate of only 8.15 ± 1.09%, an elongation rate of 88.76 ± 1.14% of adventitious shoots, mean height of shoot per explant was 6.85 ± 0.02 cm, robust shoots and tender green leaves. For rooting, the best medium was the one which contained 0.6 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), in which rooting was observed after 9.0 ± 0.3 d of rooting d, 98.52 ± 0.75% of rooting rate, and 16.90 ± 0.38 mean number of roots per explant were achieved. For the first time, we have overcome the challenge of premature senescence in quinoa, and this can be useful for other species.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03598-0QuinoaHypocotylIn vitro regenerationProlineOvercoming premature senescence
spellingShingle Yumei Xie
Jieyu Liu
Keyuan Zheng
Yuan Chen
Mulan Zhu
Efficient in vitro regeneration and overcoming premature senescence of Chenopodium quinoa willd
Scientific Reports
Quinoa
Hypocotyl
In vitro regeneration
Proline
Overcoming premature senescence
title Efficient in vitro regeneration and overcoming premature senescence of Chenopodium quinoa willd
title_full Efficient in vitro regeneration and overcoming premature senescence of Chenopodium quinoa willd
title_fullStr Efficient in vitro regeneration and overcoming premature senescence of Chenopodium quinoa willd
title_full_unstemmed Efficient in vitro regeneration and overcoming premature senescence of Chenopodium quinoa willd
title_short Efficient in vitro regeneration and overcoming premature senescence of Chenopodium quinoa willd
title_sort efficient in vitro regeneration and overcoming premature senescence of chenopodium quinoa willd
topic Quinoa
Hypocotyl
In vitro regeneration
Proline
Overcoming premature senescence
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03598-0
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AT keyuanzheng efficientinvitroregenerationandovercomingprematuresenescenceofchenopodiumquinoawilld
AT yuanchen efficientinvitroregenerationandovercomingprematuresenescenceofchenopodiumquinoawilld
AT mulanzhu efficientinvitroregenerationandovercomingprematuresenescenceofchenopodiumquinoawilld