An Extendable and Deflectable Modular Robot Inspired by Worm for Narrow Space Exploration

Inspired by earthworm peristalsis, a novel modular robot suitable for narrow spaces is proposed, capable of elongation, contraction, deflection and crawling. Unlike motor-driven robots, the earthworm-inspired robot achieves extension and deflection in each module through “on–off” control of the SMA...

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Main Authors: Shufeng Tang, Jianan Yao, Yue Yu, Guoqing Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Actuators
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/2/94
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author Shufeng Tang
Jianan Yao
Yue Yu
Guoqing Zhao
author_facet Shufeng Tang
Jianan Yao
Yue Yu
Guoqing Zhao
author_sort Shufeng Tang
collection DOAJ
description Inspired by earthworm peristalsis, a novel modular robot suitable for narrow spaces is proposed, capable of elongation, contraction, deflection and crawling. Unlike motor-driven robots, the earthworm-inspired robot achieves extension and deflection in each module through “on–off” control of the SMA springs, utilizing the cooperation of mechanical skeletons and gears to avoid posture redundancy. The return to the initial posture and the maintenance of the posture are achieved through tension and torsion springs. To study the extension and deflection characteristics, we established a model through kinematic and force analysis to estimate the relationship between the length change and tensile characteristics of the SMA on both sides and the robot’s extension length and deflection angle. Through model verification and experiments, the robot’s extension, deflection and movement characteristics in narrow spaces and varying curvature narrow spaces were comprehensively studied. The results show that the earthworm-inspired robot, as predicted by the model, possesses accurate extension and deflection performance, and can perform inspection tasks in complex and narrow space environments. Additionally, compared to motor-driven robots, the robot designed in this study does not require insulation in low-temperature environments, and the cold conditions can improve its movement efficiency. This new configuration design and the extension and deflection characteristics provide valuable insights for the development of new modular robots and robot drive designs for extremely cold environments.
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spelling doaj-art-944c0d9e5cc94db0b58c1964d4112dc42025-08-20T03:11:18ZengMDPI AGActuators2076-08252025-02-011429410.3390/act14020094An Extendable and Deflectable Modular Robot Inspired by Worm for Narrow Space ExplorationShufeng Tang0Jianan Yao1Yue Yu2Guoqing Zhao3College of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, No. 49, AiminRoad, Hohhot 010051, ChinaCollege of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, No. 49, AiminRoad, Hohhot 010051, ChinaAVIC Beijing Precision Engineering Institute for Aircraft Industry, Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Ltd., No. 5, NanyuanRoad, Beijing 100076, ChinaCollege of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, No. 49, AiminRoad, Hohhot 010051, ChinaInspired by earthworm peristalsis, a novel modular robot suitable for narrow spaces is proposed, capable of elongation, contraction, deflection and crawling. Unlike motor-driven robots, the earthworm-inspired robot achieves extension and deflection in each module through “on–off” control of the SMA springs, utilizing the cooperation of mechanical skeletons and gears to avoid posture redundancy. The return to the initial posture and the maintenance of the posture are achieved through tension and torsion springs. To study the extension and deflection characteristics, we established a model through kinematic and force analysis to estimate the relationship between the length change and tensile characteristics of the SMA on both sides and the robot’s extension length and deflection angle. Through model verification and experiments, the robot’s extension, deflection and movement characteristics in narrow spaces and varying curvature narrow spaces were comprehensively studied. The results show that the earthworm-inspired robot, as predicted by the model, possesses accurate extension and deflection performance, and can perform inspection tasks in complex and narrow space environments. Additionally, compared to motor-driven robots, the robot designed in this study does not require insulation in low-temperature environments, and the cold conditions can improve its movement efficiency. This new configuration design and the extension and deflection characteristics provide valuable insights for the development of new modular robots and robot drive designs for extremely cold environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/2/94modularbionic robotnarrow spaceextremely cold environment
spellingShingle Shufeng Tang
Jianan Yao
Yue Yu
Guoqing Zhao
An Extendable and Deflectable Modular Robot Inspired by Worm for Narrow Space Exploration
Actuators
modular
bionic robot
narrow space
extremely cold environment
title An Extendable and Deflectable Modular Robot Inspired by Worm for Narrow Space Exploration
title_full An Extendable and Deflectable Modular Robot Inspired by Worm for Narrow Space Exploration
title_fullStr An Extendable and Deflectable Modular Robot Inspired by Worm for Narrow Space Exploration
title_full_unstemmed An Extendable and Deflectable Modular Robot Inspired by Worm for Narrow Space Exploration
title_short An Extendable and Deflectable Modular Robot Inspired by Worm for Narrow Space Exploration
title_sort extendable and deflectable modular robot inspired by worm for narrow space exploration
topic modular
bionic robot
narrow space
extremely cold environment
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/2/94
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