Molecular Profiling, Characterization and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from <em>Calvatia gigantea</em> and <em>Mycena leaiana</em> Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens
The use of natural products isolated from mushrooms against infection, cancer diseases and other oxidative-stress-related diseases is one of the cornerstones of modern medicine. Therefore, we tried to establish a combination of medicinal mushrooms and nanotechnology possibly with the field of medici...
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2023-08-01
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| author | Sayab Khan Muhammad Fiaz Iqbal Ahmad Alvi Muhammad Ikram Humaira Yasmin Junaid Ahmad Amin Ullah Zeeshan Niaz Shubana Hayat Ajaz Ahmad Prashant Kaushik Arshad Farid |
| author_facet | Sayab Khan Muhammad Fiaz Iqbal Ahmad Alvi Muhammad Ikram Humaira Yasmin Junaid Ahmad Amin Ullah Zeeshan Niaz Shubana Hayat Ajaz Ahmad Prashant Kaushik Arshad Farid |
| author_sort | Sayab Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of natural products isolated from mushrooms against infection, cancer diseases and other oxidative-stress-related diseases is one of the cornerstones of modern medicine. Therefore, we tried to establish a combination of medicinal mushrooms and nanotechnology possibly with the field of medicine for the development of antibacterial agents against these MDR strains. The aim of the research was to understand the molecular identification, characterization and antibacterial action of <i>Calvatia gigantea</i> and <i>Mycena leaiana</i>. The identification of fruiting body species via morpho-anatomical and molecular methods was necessary to analyze the genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships of mushrooms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that <i>Calvatia</i> from Hunza, Pakistan, exhibited 98% resemblance to the previously discovered <i>Langermannia gigantean</i> (DQ112623) and <i>L. gigantean</i> (LN714562) from northern Europe, and <i>Mycena</i> (Pakistan) showed a 97% similarity to <i>M. leaiana</i> (MF686520) and <i>M. leaiana</i> (MW448623) from the USA. UV-vis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for AgNPs’ characterization. The UV-vis absorption peak of 500–600 nm indicates the AgNPs’ presence. XRD results determined <i>Calvatia gigantea</i> AgNPs were nanocrystals and <i>Mycena leaiana</i> seems to be amorphous. In addition, SEM results showed the cubic morphology of <i>C. gigantea</i> with a diameter of 65 nm, and the FTIR spectra of fruiting body revealed the presence of functional groups—carboxyl, nitro, and hydroxyl—in AgNPs, which catalyzed the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0. Further antibacterial activity of mushrooms against MDR strains was determined via agar well diffusion assay, and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was estimated by qualitative experimentation using the broth dilution method. All experiments were conducted in triplicate. The results showed that the mushroom AgNPs, along with their synergy and nano-composites (with the exception of Ethyl-acetate), were shown to have zones of inhibition from 4 mm to 29 mm against multidrug-resistant pathogens such as <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumonia</i>, <i>Proteus mirabilis</i>, <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The mushroom composites were active against most of the tested microorganisms whilst the lowest MIC value (10–40 mg/mL) was recorded against MDR strains. Hence, the present study suggested the possibility of employing compounds present in mushrooms for the development of new antibacterial agents, as well as efflux pump inhibitors. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9447769f37894fd18bbedc9fbc46d4ce |
| institution | OA Journals |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-9447769f37894fd18bbedc9fbc46d4ce2025-08-20T01:55:42ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-08-012817629110.3390/molecules28176291Molecular Profiling, Characterization and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from <em>Calvatia gigantea</em> and <em>Mycena leaiana</em> Against Multidrug-Resistant PathogensSayab Khan0Muhammad Fiaz1Iqbal Ahmad Alvi2Muhammad Ikram3Humaira Yasmin4Junaid Ahmad5Amin Ullah6Zeeshan Niaz7Shubana Hayat8Ajaz Ahmad9Prashant Kaushik10Arshad Farid11Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, PakistanDepartment of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, PakistanDepartment of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, PakistanJamil Ur Rehman Center for Genome Research, HEJ, ICCBS University of Karachi, Karachi City 75270, PakistanDepartment of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College, London SW7 2BX, UKDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Transplantation and Related Diseases, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, PakistanDepartment of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, PakistanDepartment of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, PakistanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaIndependent Researcher, 46022 Valencia, SpainGomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, PakistanThe use of natural products isolated from mushrooms against infection, cancer diseases and other oxidative-stress-related diseases is one of the cornerstones of modern medicine. Therefore, we tried to establish a combination of medicinal mushrooms and nanotechnology possibly with the field of medicine for the development of antibacterial agents against these MDR strains. The aim of the research was to understand the molecular identification, characterization and antibacterial action of <i>Calvatia gigantea</i> and <i>Mycena leaiana</i>. The identification of fruiting body species via morpho-anatomical and molecular methods was necessary to analyze the genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships of mushrooms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that <i>Calvatia</i> from Hunza, Pakistan, exhibited 98% resemblance to the previously discovered <i>Langermannia gigantean</i> (DQ112623) and <i>L. gigantean</i> (LN714562) from northern Europe, and <i>Mycena</i> (Pakistan) showed a 97% similarity to <i>M. leaiana</i> (MF686520) and <i>M. leaiana</i> (MW448623) from the USA. UV-vis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for AgNPs’ characterization. The UV-vis absorption peak of 500–600 nm indicates the AgNPs’ presence. XRD results determined <i>Calvatia gigantea</i> AgNPs were nanocrystals and <i>Mycena leaiana</i> seems to be amorphous. In addition, SEM results showed the cubic morphology of <i>C. gigantea</i> with a diameter of 65 nm, and the FTIR spectra of fruiting body revealed the presence of functional groups—carboxyl, nitro, and hydroxyl—in AgNPs, which catalyzed the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0. Further antibacterial activity of mushrooms against MDR strains was determined via agar well diffusion assay, and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was estimated by qualitative experimentation using the broth dilution method. All experiments were conducted in triplicate. The results showed that the mushroom AgNPs, along with their synergy and nano-composites (with the exception of Ethyl-acetate), were shown to have zones of inhibition from 4 mm to 29 mm against multidrug-resistant pathogens such as <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumonia</i>, <i>Proteus mirabilis</i>, <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The mushroom composites were active against most of the tested microorganisms whilst the lowest MIC value (10–40 mg/mL) was recorded against MDR strains. Hence, the present study suggested the possibility of employing compounds present in mushrooms for the development of new antibacterial agents, as well as efflux pump inhibitors.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/17/6291<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i><i>Klebsiella pneumonia</i><i>Proteus mirabilis</i>mushroom |
| spellingShingle | Sayab Khan Muhammad Fiaz Iqbal Ahmad Alvi Muhammad Ikram Humaira Yasmin Junaid Ahmad Amin Ullah Zeeshan Niaz Shubana Hayat Ajaz Ahmad Prashant Kaushik Arshad Farid Molecular Profiling, Characterization and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from <em>Calvatia gigantea</em> and <em>Mycena leaiana</em> Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens Molecules <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> <i>Klebsiella pneumonia</i> <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> mushroom |
| title | Molecular Profiling, Characterization and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from <em>Calvatia gigantea</em> and <em>Mycena leaiana</em> Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens |
| title_full | Molecular Profiling, Characterization and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from <em>Calvatia gigantea</em> and <em>Mycena leaiana</em> Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Profiling, Characterization and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from <em>Calvatia gigantea</em> and <em>Mycena leaiana</em> Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Profiling, Characterization and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from <em>Calvatia gigantea</em> and <em>Mycena leaiana</em> Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens |
| title_short | Molecular Profiling, Characterization and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from <em>Calvatia gigantea</em> and <em>Mycena leaiana</em> Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens |
| title_sort | molecular profiling characterization and antimicrobial efficacy of silver nanoparticles synthesized from em calvatia gigantea em and em mycena leaiana em against multidrug resistant pathogens |
| topic | <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> <i>Klebsiella pneumonia</i> <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> mushroom |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/17/6291 |
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