Seasonal Variations and Structure-Specific Phytochemical Profiles of <i>Glochidion chodoense</i>
<i>Glochidion chodoense</i>, a rare and endangered plant endemic to Republic of Korea, is known for containing a wide variety of phytochemicals, including triterpenoid saponins and flavonoids. This study sought to profile the phytochemical composition of the leaves and branches of <i&...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Chemosensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/4/116 |
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| Summary: | <i>Glochidion chodoense</i>, a rare and endangered plant endemic to Republic of Korea, is known for containing a wide variety of phytochemicals, including triterpenoid saponins and flavonoids. This study sought to profile the phytochemical composition of the leaves and branches of <i>G. chodoense</i> harvested during three different periods (May, July, and October 2023) using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection (HPLC/PDA). Plant materials were harvested, authenticated, and subjected to ethanol extraction prior to chemical analysis. LC-ESI/MS and quantitative HPLC/PDA analyses were conducted to identify and quantify nine key phytochemicals: norbergenin (<b>1</b>), bergenin (<b>2</b>), epigallocatechin (<b>3</b>), ethyl gallate (<b>4</b>), orientin (<b>5</b>), epicatechin gallate (<b>6</b>), isovitexin 2″-<i>O</i>-arabinoside (<b>7</b>), ellagic acid (<b>8</b>), and cynaroside (<b>9</b>). Our findings revealed significant seasonal variations in major phytochemicals, with leaves containing higher concentrations than branches. Notably, bergenin (<b>2</b>) showed the highest content in May leaves (43.42 mg/g extract), followed by October (17.60 mg/g extract) and July branches (8.56 mg/g extract). Ethyl gallate (<b>4</b>), which was absent or present in trace amounts in branches, was abundant in leaves, with concentrations of 22.24 mg/g extract in October, 21.75 mg/g extract in May, and 17.48 mg/g extract in July. A similar trend was observed for norbergenin (<b>1</b>). These findings provide valuable insights into the phytochemical composition of <i>G. chodoense</i>, emphasizing its potential applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods, while highlighting the critical importance of conserving this endangered species. |
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| ISSN: | 2227-9040 |