Dysprosium, cerium, indium, yttrium, and lutetium as emerging contributors to oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract To investigate the role of Dysprosium (Dy), Cerium (Ce), Indium (In), Yttrium (Y), and Lutetium (Lu) in relation to oxidative stress (OS) and their potential alterations in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) females. This case-control study included two groups: Healthy controls (50) and PCOS...

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Main Authors: Manal Abudawood, Hajera Tabassum, Sarah Binhassan, Haya I. Aljohar, Jamil Mustafa AbdelJawad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10468-2
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author Manal Abudawood
Hajera Tabassum
Sarah Binhassan
Haya I. Aljohar
Jamil Mustafa AbdelJawad
author_facet Manal Abudawood
Hajera Tabassum
Sarah Binhassan
Haya I. Aljohar
Jamil Mustafa AbdelJawad
author_sort Manal Abudawood
collection DOAJ
description Abstract To investigate the role of Dysprosium (Dy), Cerium (Ce), Indium (In), Yttrium (Y), and Lutetium (Lu) in relation to oxidative stress (OS) and their potential alterations in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) females. This case-control study included two groups: Healthy controls (50) and PCOS cases (56). Serum levels of Dy, Ce, In, Y, and Lu were quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). OS was evaluated by measuring serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Furthermore, Pearson’s correlation was performed to investigate the correlation between rare earth elements (REEs) and OS markers and differences in correlation strength between the PCOS and control groups were assessed using Fisher’s z-test. PCOS subjects exhibited markedly higher concentrations of Dy, Ce, In, and Y than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The analysis of OS biomarkers revealed elevated MDA levels in the PCOS group, indicating enhanced lipid peroxidation, alongside significantly reduced antioxidant capacity (GSH and SOD) (P < 0.001). Pearson’s correlation demonstrated significant positive associations between higher Dy, Ce, and Y levels and increased MDA levels (P < 0.05). Additionally, a significant negative correlation was observed between In and Y and the antioxidant markers GSH and SOD (P < 0.05), with Ce also showing an inverse association with SOD (P < 0.05). Fisher’s z-test further confirmed significant differences in correlation strength between the PCOS and control groups for Dy-MDA (z = 2.01, P = 0.031), Ce-MDA (z = 1.78, P = 0.037), In-GSH (z = − 2.24, P = 0.025), and In-SOD (z = − 2.39, P = 0.017). Moreover, significant correlations were found between Dy and Y (r = 0.41, P = 0.003), Ce and In (r = 0.41, P = 0.002), Ce and Y (r = 0.53, P < 0.001), and In and Y (r = 0.70, P < 0.001), suggesting interconnected roles of Dy, Ce, In, and Y in PCOS. These findings point to a potential link between OS and REE exposure in the development of PCOS. They suggest that metal-induced oxidative damage could be a key contributor to its pathophysiology. The study underscores the need for deeper investigation into environmental factors affecting reproductive health and for identifying strategies to mitigate these risks in women with PCOS.
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spelling doaj-art-940e03951df149299d84a65ee25a4c072025-08-20T03:05:17ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-10468-2Dysprosium, cerium, indium, yttrium, and lutetium as emerging contributors to oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndromeManal Abudawood0Hajera Tabassum1Sarah Binhassan2Haya I. Aljohar3Jamil Mustafa AbdelJawad4Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud UniversityDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud UniversityDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud UniversityEurofins ClinicalAbstract To investigate the role of Dysprosium (Dy), Cerium (Ce), Indium (In), Yttrium (Y), and Lutetium (Lu) in relation to oxidative stress (OS) and their potential alterations in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) females. This case-control study included two groups: Healthy controls (50) and PCOS cases (56). Serum levels of Dy, Ce, In, Y, and Lu were quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). OS was evaluated by measuring serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Furthermore, Pearson’s correlation was performed to investigate the correlation between rare earth elements (REEs) and OS markers and differences in correlation strength between the PCOS and control groups were assessed using Fisher’s z-test. PCOS subjects exhibited markedly higher concentrations of Dy, Ce, In, and Y than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The analysis of OS biomarkers revealed elevated MDA levels in the PCOS group, indicating enhanced lipid peroxidation, alongside significantly reduced antioxidant capacity (GSH and SOD) (P < 0.001). Pearson’s correlation demonstrated significant positive associations between higher Dy, Ce, and Y levels and increased MDA levels (P < 0.05). Additionally, a significant negative correlation was observed between In and Y and the antioxidant markers GSH and SOD (P < 0.05), with Ce also showing an inverse association with SOD (P < 0.05). Fisher’s z-test further confirmed significant differences in correlation strength between the PCOS and control groups for Dy-MDA (z = 2.01, P = 0.031), Ce-MDA (z = 1.78, P = 0.037), In-GSH (z = − 2.24, P = 0.025), and In-SOD (z = − 2.39, P = 0.017). Moreover, significant correlations were found between Dy and Y (r = 0.41, P = 0.003), Ce and In (r = 0.41, P = 0.002), Ce and Y (r = 0.53, P < 0.001), and In and Y (r = 0.70, P < 0.001), suggesting interconnected roles of Dy, Ce, In, and Y in PCOS. These findings point to a potential link between OS and REE exposure in the development of PCOS. They suggest that metal-induced oxidative damage could be a key contributor to its pathophysiology. The study underscores the need for deeper investigation into environmental factors affecting reproductive health and for identifying strategies to mitigate these risks in women with PCOS.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10468-2Rare earth elementsOxidative stressDysprosiumCeriumIndiumYttrium
spellingShingle Manal Abudawood
Hajera Tabassum
Sarah Binhassan
Haya I. Aljohar
Jamil Mustafa AbdelJawad
Dysprosium, cerium, indium, yttrium, and lutetium as emerging contributors to oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndrome
Scientific Reports
Rare earth elements
Oxidative stress
Dysprosium
Cerium
Indium
Yttrium
title Dysprosium, cerium, indium, yttrium, and lutetium as emerging contributors to oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndrome
title_full Dysprosium, cerium, indium, yttrium, and lutetium as emerging contributors to oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndrome
title_fullStr Dysprosium, cerium, indium, yttrium, and lutetium as emerging contributors to oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndrome
title_full_unstemmed Dysprosium, cerium, indium, yttrium, and lutetium as emerging contributors to oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndrome
title_short Dysprosium, cerium, indium, yttrium, and lutetium as emerging contributors to oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndrome
title_sort dysprosium cerium indium yttrium and lutetium as emerging contributors to oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndrome
topic Rare earth elements
Oxidative stress
Dysprosium
Cerium
Indium
Yttrium
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10468-2
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