Lactylation in CNS disorders: mechanisms, cellular function, and disease relevance

Lactate, as a metabolic product or energy substrate, participates in various neurological processes within the physiological and pathological frameworks of the central nervous system (CNS). The groundbreaking application of multi-omics integration technologies has unveiled a novel role for lactate:...

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Main Authors: Jiaxin Tian, Tongyu Zhang, Ruidan Zhang, Sijia Hao, Jingyu Dong, Yiyan Chen, Jinpeng Zhou, Yang Tian
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1566921/full
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author Jiaxin Tian
Tongyu Zhang
Ruidan Zhang
Sijia Hao
Jingyu Dong
Yiyan Chen
Jinpeng Zhou
Yang Tian
author_facet Jiaxin Tian
Tongyu Zhang
Ruidan Zhang
Sijia Hao
Jingyu Dong
Yiyan Chen
Jinpeng Zhou
Yang Tian
author_sort Jiaxin Tian
collection DOAJ
description Lactate, as a metabolic product or energy substrate, participates in various neurological processes within the physiological and pathological frameworks of the central nervous system (CNS). The groundbreaking application of multi-omics integration technologies has unveiled a novel role for lactate: lactylation, a unique post-translational modification (PTM) that covalently attaches lactate groups to lysine residues on proteins. This process precisely regulates protein function and gene expression, profoundly influencing the progression of various diseases. The lactylation process is meticulously regulated by a variety of key enzymes and metabolic pathways, forming a dynamic and intricate modification network. In this review, we summarize the key enzymes involved in lactylation, specifically “Writers,” “Erasers,” and “Readers.” Furthermore, we systematically categorize lactylation observed in various cell types within the CNS and investigate its multifaceted roles in pathological processes, including neurodegenerative diseases, brain tumors, and brain injuries. By consolidating the latest research findings in this field, our review aims to highlight the significance of these discoveries for future research and explore their potential for translational applications.
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institution DOAJ
issn 2296-634X
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
spelling doaj-art-93fb3e976a9c4e048f7c41f83fd47e772025-08-20T02:48:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2025-03-011310.3389/fcell.2025.15669211566921Lactylation in CNS disorders: mechanisms, cellular function, and disease relevanceJiaxin Tian0Tongyu Zhang1Ruidan Zhang2Sijia Hao3Jingyu Dong4Yiyan Chen5Jinpeng Zhou6Yang Tian7Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics, First Clinical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, ChinaLactate, as a metabolic product or energy substrate, participates in various neurological processes within the physiological and pathological frameworks of the central nervous system (CNS). The groundbreaking application of multi-omics integration technologies has unveiled a novel role for lactate: lactylation, a unique post-translational modification (PTM) that covalently attaches lactate groups to lysine residues on proteins. This process precisely regulates protein function and gene expression, profoundly influencing the progression of various diseases. The lactylation process is meticulously regulated by a variety of key enzymes and metabolic pathways, forming a dynamic and intricate modification network. In this review, we summarize the key enzymes involved in lactylation, specifically “Writers,” “Erasers,” and “Readers.” Furthermore, we systematically categorize lactylation observed in various cell types within the CNS and investigate its multifaceted roles in pathological processes, including neurodegenerative diseases, brain tumors, and brain injuries. By consolidating the latest research findings in this field, our review aims to highlight the significance of these discoveries for future research and explore their potential for translational applications.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1566921/fulllactylationCNS disordersmechanismcellular functiondisease pathology
spellingShingle Jiaxin Tian
Tongyu Zhang
Ruidan Zhang
Sijia Hao
Jingyu Dong
Yiyan Chen
Jinpeng Zhou
Yang Tian
Lactylation in CNS disorders: mechanisms, cellular function, and disease relevance
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
lactylation
CNS disorders
mechanism
cellular function
disease pathology
title Lactylation in CNS disorders: mechanisms, cellular function, and disease relevance
title_full Lactylation in CNS disorders: mechanisms, cellular function, and disease relevance
title_fullStr Lactylation in CNS disorders: mechanisms, cellular function, and disease relevance
title_full_unstemmed Lactylation in CNS disorders: mechanisms, cellular function, and disease relevance
title_short Lactylation in CNS disorders: mechanisms, cellular function, and disease relevance
title_sort lactylation in cns disorders mechanisms cellular function and disease relevance
topic lactylation
CNS disorders
mechanism
cellular function
disease pathology
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1566921/full
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AT sijiahao lactylationincnsdisordersmechanismscellularfunctionanddiseaserelevance
AT jingyudong lactylationincnsdisordersmechanismscellularfunctionanddiseaserelevance
AT yiyanchen lactylationincnsdisordersmechanismscellularfunctionanddiseaserelevance
AT jinpengzhou lactylationincnsdisordersmechanismscellularfunctionanddiseaserelevance
AT yangtian lactylationincnsdisordersmechanismscellularfunctionanddiseaserelevance