Er:YAG Laser in QSP Modality for Treatment of Indirect Adhesive Restoration Build-Up: Surface Roughness Analysis and Morphology Assessment by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM)
<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Sandblasting build-ups before applying the acid and adhesive significantly improves the bond strength. The aim of this study is to evaluate, for the first time, the effectiveness of an Er:YAG laser used in QSP mode to treat the surface of build-ups before th...
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2025-05-01
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| Series: | Dentistry Journal |
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| author | Ilaria Giovannacci Monica Mattarozzi Fabrizio Moroni Giuseppe Pedrazzi Paolo Vescovi Maria Careri |
| author_facet | Ilaria Giovannacci Monica Mattarozzi Fabrizio Moroni Giuseppe Pedrazzi Paolo Vescovi Maria Careri |
| author_sort | Ilaria Giovannacci |
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| description | <b>Background/Objectives:</b> Sandblasting build-ups before applying the acid and adhesive significantly improves the bond strength. The aim of this study is to evaluate, for the first time, the effectiveness of an Er:YAG laser used in QSP mode to treat the surface of build-ups before the adhesive cementation sequence. <b>Methods:</b> This ex vivo study was conducted on 12 intact, undecayed extracted teeth kept hydrated in NaCl 0.9% solution. A cavity was created in the center and reconstructed with composite resin (build-up). Then, samples were prepared with burs and divided into three groups: control group G1, prepared only with burs; group G2, in which surfaces were treated with a sandblaster (2.5 bar, 10 mm from composite surface, aluminum oxide, 10 s); and group G3, treated using an Er:YAG laser (QSP modality, 1 W, 10 Hz, 100 mJ). The surface roughness of the build-ups was measured using a CCI MP-L digital optical profiler (Taylor Hobson, Leicester, UK), and surface morphology was studied using the Quanta™ 250 FEG (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) ESEM instrument. <b>Results:</b> Regarding enamel, mean surface roughness in G1 vs. G2 was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.968); meanwhile, differences between the Er:YAG laser group (G3) and G1 or G2 were significant (G3 vs. G1 <i>p</i> < 0.001; G3 vs. G2 <i>p</i> < 0.001). Regarding dentin, G1 vs. G2 was significant (<i>p</i> = 0.021); differences between G3 and G1 or G2 were extremely significant (G3 vs. G1 <i>p</i> < 0.001; G3 vs. G2 <i>p</i> < 0.001). The same trend was detected for resin. <b>Conclusions:</b> An Er:YAG laser in QSP mode used on the build-up surface for indirect adhesive restorations is innovative and should be investigated with further studies. However, it seems extremely effective with increased roughness, the absence of a smear layer and characteristics potentially favorable for good adhesion for all substrates (enamel, dentin, resin). |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-93e3ee7d9d9e4d80a991963abf001d952025-08-20T03:47:53ZengMDPI AGDentistry Journal2304-67672025-05-0113522310.3390/dj13050223Er:YAG Laser in QSP Modality for Treatment of Indirect Adhesive Restoration Build-Up: Surface Roughness Analysis and Morphology Assessment by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM)Ilaria Giovannacci0Monica Mattarozzi1Fabrizio Moroni2Giuseppe Pedrazzi3Paolo Vescovi4Maria Careri5Oral Medicine and Oral Laser Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43125 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Engineering and Architecture (DISTI), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 181/A, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neuroscience, Plesso Biotecnologico Integrato, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, ItalyOral Medicine and Oral Laser Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43125 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Sandblasting build-ups before applying the acid and adhesive significantly improves the bond strength. The aim of this study is to evaluate, for the first time, the effectiveness of an Er:YAG laser used in QSP mode to treat the surface of build-ups before the adhesive cementation sequence. <b>Methods:</b> This ex vivo study was conducted on 12 intact, undecayed extracted teeth kept hydrated in NaCl 0.9% solution. A cavity was created in the center and reconstructed with composite resin (build-up). Then, samples were prepared with burs and divided into three groups: control group G1, prepared only with burs; group G2, in which surfaces were treated with a sandblaster (2.5 bar, 10 mm from composite surface, aluminum oxide, 10 s); and group G3, treated using an Er:YAG laser (QSP modality, 1 W, 10 Hz, 100 mJ). The surface roughness of the build-ups was measured using a CCI MP-L digital optical profiler (Taylor Hobson, Leicester, UK), and surface morphology was studied using the Quanta™ 250 FEG (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) ESEM instrument. <b>Results:</b> Regarding enamel, mean surface roughness in G1 vs. G2 was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.968); meanwhile, differences between the Er:YAG laser group (G3) and G1 or G2 were significant (G3 vs. G1 <i>p</i> < 0.001; G3 vs. G2 <i>p</i> < 0.001). Regarding dentin, G1 vs. G2 was significant (<i>p</i> = 0.021); differences between G3 and G1 or G2 were extremely significant (G3 vs. G1 <i>p</i> < 0.001; G3 vs. G2 <i>p</i> < 0.001). The same trend was detected for resin. <b>Conclusions:</b> An Er:YAG laser in QSP mode used on the build-up surface for indirect adhesive restorations is innovative and should be investigated with further studies. However, it seems extremely effective with increased roughness, the absence of a smear layer and characteristics potentially favorable for good adhesion for all substrates (enamel, dentin, resin).https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/13/5/223adhesive dentistrysandblastingEr:YAG laserroughnessESEM |
| spellingShingle | Ilaria Giovannacci Monica Mattarozzi Fabrizio Moroni Giuseppe Pedrazzi Paolo Vescovi Maria Careri Er:YAG Laser in QSP Modality for Treatment of Indirect Adhesive Restoration Build-Up: Surface Roughness Analysis and Morphology Assessment by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) Dentistry Journal adhesive dentistry sandblasting Er:YAG laser roughness ESEM |
| title | Er:YAG Laser in QSP Modality for Treatment of Indirect Adhesive Restoration Build-Up: Surface Roughness Analysis and Morphology Assessment by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) |
| title_full | Er:YAG Laser in QSP Modality for Treatment of Indirect Adhesive Restoration Build-Up: Surface Roughness Analysis and Morphology Assessment by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) |
| title_fullStr | Er:YAG Laser in QSP Modality for Treatment of Indirect Adhesive Restoration Build-Up: Surface Roughness Analysis and Morphology Assessment by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Er:YAG Laser in QSP Modality for Treatment of Indirect Adhesive Restoration Build-Up: Surface Roughness Analysis and Morphology Assessment by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) |
| title_short | Er:YAG Laser in QSP Modality for Treatment of Indirect Adhesive Restoration Build-Up: Surface Roughness Analysis and Morphology Assessment by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) |
| title_sort | er yag laser in qsp modality for treatment of indirect adhesive restoration build up surface roughness analysis and morphology assessment by environmental scanning electron microscopy esem |
| topic | adhesive dentistry sandblasting Er:YAG laser roughness ESEM |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/13/5/223 |
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