Prognostic Significance of Modified Shine and Lal Index in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Surgical Resection

<b>Background</b>: Although white blood cell-related indices are established prognostic markers in lung cancer, the prognostic significance of red blood cell (RBC) indices—mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCH...

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Main Authors: Soomin An, Wankyu Eo, Sookyung Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/4/937
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author Soomin An
Wankyu Eo
Sookyung Lee
author_facet Soomin An
Wankyu Eo
Sookyung Lee
author_sort Soomin An
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background</b>: Although white blood cell-related indices are established prognostic markers in lung cancer, the prognostic significance of red blood cell (RBC) indices—mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)—remains unclear. This study assessed the prognostic value of RBC indices for predicting survival outcomes in patients who underwent curative-intent surgery for stage I–IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). <b>Methods</b>: This retrospective analysis of 437 patients evaluated the prognostic significance of MCV, MCH, MCHC, and the modified Shine and Lal Index (mSLI), calculated as (MCV<sup>2</sup> × MCH) × 0.0001, using Cox regression analysis. Model performance was evaluated using various metrics, including the concordance index (C-index) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). <b>Results</b>: In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, each RBC index was tested separately as an overall survival (OS) predictor in models that consistently included age, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS), pleural invasion, tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) stage, and the Noble and Underwood (NUn) score. Given its superior predictive performance, the mSLI model, which incorporates mSLI in addition to other covariates, was finalized and outperformed the baseline TNM staging model (C-index: 0.840 vs. 0.708, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and demonstrated significant improvements in IDI at 3 and 5 years (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Compared to the intermediate model—comprising the same covariates as the mSLI model except for mSLI—the mSLI model showed a slightly higher C-index (0.840 vs. 0.835, <i>p</i> = 0.554) and significant improvements in IDI at 3 years (<i>p</i> = 0.008) and 5 years (<i>p</i> = 0.020). <b>Conclusions</b>: mSLI was an independent prognostic marker for OS in stage I–IIIA NSCLC, enhancing risk stratification and providing incremental predictive value beyond that of traditional models. Incorporating mSLI into prognostic frameworks may improve clinical decision-making. However, external validation is required to confirm its clinical utility.
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spelling doaj-art-93ce8a24cd604f5bb377c891f295cde22025-08-20T03:14:16ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-04-0113493710.3390/biomedicines13040937Prognostic Significance of Modified Shine and Lal Index in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Surgical ResectionSoomin An0Wankyu Eo1Sookyung Lee2Department of Nursing, Dongyang University, Yeongju 36040, Republic of KoreaCollege of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Clinical Oncology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea<b>Background</b>: Although white blood cell-related indices are established prognostic markers in lung cancer, the prognostic significance of red blood cell (RBC) indices—mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)—remains unclear. This study assessed the prognostic value of RBC indices for predicting survival outcomes in patients who underwent curative-intent surgery for stage I–IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). <b>Methods</b>: This retrospective analysis of 437 patients evaluated the prognostic significance of MCV, MCH, MCHC, and the modified Shine and Lal Index (mSLI), calculated as (MCV<sup>2</sup> × MCH) × 0.0001, using Cox regression analysis. Model performance was evaluated using various metrics, including the concordance index (C-index) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). <b>Results</b>: In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, each RBC index was tested separately as an overall survival (OS) predictor in models that consistently included age, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS), pleural invasion, tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) stage, and the Noble and Underwood (NUn) score. Given its superior predictive performance, the mSLI model, which incorporates mSLI in addition to other covariates, was finalized and outperformed the baseline TNM staging model (C-index: 0.840 vs. 0.708, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and demonstrated significant improvements in IDI at 3 and 5 years (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Compared to the intermediate model—comprising the same covariates as the mSLI model except for mSLI—the mSLI model showed a slightly higher C-index (0.840 vs. 0.835, <i>p</i> = 0.554) and significant improvements in IDI at 3 years (<i>p</i> = 0.008) and 5 years (<i>p</i> = 0.020). <b>Conclusions</b>: mSLI was an independent prognostic marker for OS in stage I–IIIA NSCLC, enhancing risk stratification and providing incremental predictive value beyond that of traditional models. Incorporating mSLI into prognostic frameworks may improve clinical decision-making. However, external validation is required to confirm its clinical utility.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/4/937carcinomanon-small cell lung cancermean corpuscular volume
spellingShingle Soomin An
Wankyu Eo
Sookyung Lee
Prognostic Significance of Modified Shine and Lal Index in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Surgical Resection
Biomedicines
carcinoma
non-small cell lung cancer
mean corpuscular volume
title Prognostic Significance of Modified Shine and Lal Index in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Surgical Resection
title_full Prognostic Significance of Modified Shine and Lal Index in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Surgical Resection
title_fullStr Prognostic Significance of Modified Shine and Lal Index in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Surgical Resection
title_full_unstemmed Prognostic Significance of Modified Shine and Lal Index in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Surgical Resection
title_short Prognostic Significance of Modified Shine and Lal Index in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Surgical Resection
title_sort prognostic significance of modified shine and lal index in patients with non small cell lung cancer undergoing surgical resection
topic carcinoma
non-small cell lung cancer
mean corpuscular volume
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/4/937
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AT wankyueo prognosticsignificanceofmodifiedshineandlalindexinpatientswithnonsmallcelllungcancerundergoingsurgicalresection
AT sookyunglee prognosticsignificanceofmodifiedshineandlalindexinpatientswithnonsmallcelllungcancerundergoingsurgicalresection