Development of a yogurt drink produced from pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.) that exhibits glucose-lowering effects in diabetic mice

Abstract This research explored the utilization of pigeon pea as a substrate for yogurt fermentation using lactic acid bacteria as starters and assessed the glucose-lowering effects of the products. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum G6 (LpG6), an indigenous lactic acid bacteria isolated from pigeon pea’...

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Main Authors: Yuni Sine, Donny Widianto, Yekti Asih Purwestri, Widodo Widodo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-08-01
Series:Discover Food
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00579-0
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author Yuni Sine
Donny Widianto
Yekti Asih Purwestri
Widodo Widodo
author_facet Yuni Sine
Donny Widianto
Yekti Asih Purwestri
Widodo Widodo
author_sort Yuni Sine
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This research explored the utilization of pigeon pea as a substrate for yogurt fermentation using lactic acid bacteria as starters and assessed the glucose-lowering effects of the products. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum G6 (LpG6), an indigenous lactic acid bacteria isolated from pigeon pea’s soaking water, was selected as the fermentation starter. Pigeon pea juice fermented with LpG6 (PPJ-G6) or yogurt cultures (PPJ-STLB) had increased phenolic and flavonoid contents, showed β-glucosidase activity, and released aglycones daidzein and genistein that increase antioxidant activity. The phenolic and flavonoid contents in PPJ-G6 were 77.59 ± 0.07 mg GAE/g dry weight (DW) and 75.10 ± 0.01 mg QE/g DW, whereas those in PPJ-STLB were 82.98 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g DW and 61.08 ± 0.03 mg QE/g DW, respectively. PPJ-G6 produced 0.16% ± 0.03% butyrate and 0.43% ± 0.01% propionate, whereas PPJ-STLB produced 0.17% ± 0.03% butyrate and 0.36% ± 0.02% propionate. PPJ-G6 released 1.047 and 0.235 µmol/g of daidzein and genistein, whereas PPJ-STLB released 2.869 and 0.313 µmol/g of the same, respectively. Pigeon pea yogurt administration reduced (p < 0.05) blood glucose levels in diabetic BALB/c mice. Diabetic mice treated with PPJ-G6 (T3) showed a 36.60% blood glucose reduction, whereas those treated with PPJ-STLB (T4) showed a 44.08% reduction, which was comparable to the 49.07% reduction noted in diabetic mice treated with metformin (T1). Untreated diabetic mice (T2) showed increased glucose levels, whereas nondiabetic mice (T5) showed no changes in blood glucose levels. Overall, blood sugar levels in T3 mice were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those in T2 mice but higher than those in T1 mice. These findings suggest that pigeon pea yogurt could function as a nutritional glucose-lowering agent, potentially improving diabetes mellitus management in rural communities with limited access to medical treatments.
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spelling doaj-art-93cb9c54174f4386aaa71ce2ad5d46bd2025-08-20T03:42:57ZengSpringerDiscover Food2731-42862025-08-015112710.1007/s44187-025-00579-0Development of a yogurt drink produced from pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.) that exhibits glucose-lowering effects in diabetic miceYuni Sine0Donny Widianto1Yekti Asih Purwestri2Widodo Widodo3Graduate School of Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah MadaGraduate School of Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah MadaGraduate School of Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah MadaGraduate School of Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah MadaAbstract This research explored the utilization of pigeon pea as a substrate for yogurt fermentation using lactic acid bacteria as starters and assessed the glucose-lowering effects of the products. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum G6 (LpG6), an indigenous lactic acid bacteria isolated from pigeon pea’s soaking water, was selected as the fermentation starter. Pigeon pea juice fermented with LpG6 (PPJ-G6) or yogurt cultures (PPJ-STLB) had increased phenolic and flavonoid contents, showed β-glucosidase activity, and released aglycones daidzein and genistein that increase antioxidant activity. The phenolic and flavonoid contents in PPJ-G6 were 77.59 ± 0.07 mg GAE/g dry weight (DW) and 75.10 ± 0.01 mg QE/g DW, whereas those in PPJ-STLB were 82.98 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g DW and 61.08 ± 0.03 mg QE/g DW, respectively. PPJ-G6 produced 0.16% ± 0.03% butyrate and 0.43% ± 0.01% propionate, whereas PPJ-STLB produced 0.17% ± 0.03% butyrate and 0.36% ± 0.02% propionate. PPJ-G6 released 1.047 and 0.235 µmol/g of daidzein and genistein, whereas PPJ-STLB released 2.869 and 0.313 µmol/g of the same, respectively. Pigeon pea yogurt administration reduced (p < 0.05) blood glucose levels in diabetic BALB/c mice. Diabetic mice treated with PPJ-G6 (T3) showed a 36.60% blood glucose reduction, whereas those treated with PPJ-STLB (T4) showed a 44.08% reduction, which was comparable to the 49.07% reduction noted in diabetic mice treated with metformin (T1). Untreated diabetic mice (T2) showed increased glucose levels, whereas nondiabetic mice (T5) showed no changes in blood glucose levels. Overall, blood sugar levels in T3 mice were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those in T2 mice but higher than those in T1 mice. These findings suggest that pigeon pea yogurt could function as a nutritional glucose-lowering agent, potentially improving diabetes mellitus management in rural communities with limited access to medical treatments.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00579-0Plant-based nutritionPigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan L. millsp.)Yogurt Glucose-lowering effectsFunctional foodsLactiplantibacillus plantarum G6
spellingShingle Yuni Sine
Donny Widianto
Yekti Asih Purwestri
Widodo Widodo
Development of a yogurt drink produced from pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.) that exhibits glucose-lowering effects in diabetic mice
Discover Food
Plant-based nutrition
Pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan L. millsp.)
Yogurt Glucose-lowering effects
Functional foods
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum G6
title Development of a yogurt drink produced from pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.) that exhibits glucose-lowering effects in diabetic mice
title_full Development of a yogurt drink produced from pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.) that exhibits glucose-lowering effects in diabetic mice
title_fullStr Development of a yogurt drink produced from pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.) that exhibits glucose-lowering effects in diabetic mice
title_full_unstemmed Development of a yogurt drink produced from pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.) that exhibits glucose-lowering effects in diabetic mice
title_short Development of a yogurt drink produced from pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.) that exhibits glucose-lowering effects in diabetic mice
title_sort development of a yogurt drink produced from pigeon pea cajanus cajan l millsp that exhibits glucose lowering effects in diabetic mice
topic Plant-based nutrition
Pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan L. millsp.)
Yogurt Glucose-lowering effects
Functional foods
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum G6
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00579-0
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