A comparison of knowledge, attitudes and practices of hand hygiene between in-service healthcare workers in East Trinidad and Tobago

Abstract Background Hand hygiene (HH) stands at the forefront of the defence against the spread of disease and Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). Gaps may exist among the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAPs) of Healthcare Workers (HCWs). This study explores these gaps to understand the sc...

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Main Authors: Rajeev P. Nagassar, Roma J. Bridgelal-Nagassar, Stephon Rajkumarsingh, Devon Husband, Selena Juman, Nicholas Ramsawak, Stephanie Villafana, Mariam-Fekerte Jules
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-04-01
Series:Discover Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00510-z
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author Rajeev P. Nagassar
Roma J. Bridgelal-Nagassar
Stephon Rajkumarsingh
Devon Husband
Selena Juman
Nicholas Ramsawak
Stephanie Villafana
Mariam-Fekerte Jules
author_facet Rajeev P. Nagassar
Roma J. Bridgelal-Nagassar
Stephon Rajkumarsingh
Devon Husband
Selena Juman
Nicholas Ramsawak
Stephanie Villafana
Mariam-Fekerte Jules
author_sort Rajeev P. Nagassar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Hand hygiene (HH) stands at the forefront of the defence against the spread of disease and Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). Gaps may exist among the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAPs) of Healthcare Workers (HCWs). This study explores these gaps to understand the scope of the problem in East Trinidad. Method A cross-sectional study of in-service HCWs employed at the Eastern Regional Health Authority (ERHA) was conducted using convenience sampling to meet a pre-determined sample size. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Staff surveyed included medical and non-medical staff. IBM SPSS Version-29 was used for data analysis. Results Sixty one percent of staff received formal HH training while 39.4% of staff did not. Medical staff demonstrated higher levels of knowledge, more positive attitudes and adequate practices of HH. Female sex (p = 0.002) and profession (nurse and medical professionals [p = 0.031]) displayed a significant positive relationship to HH Knowledge. Regrading knowledge of optimal bed: hand wash basin ratios, 36.9% of participants selected ‘1 to 10.’ Female sex showed more positive attitudes to HH as a means of reducing HAI’s (p = 0.033) and better practices of HH based on the WHO’s 5 moments (p < 0.001). Medical staff agreed that they perform HH even if they do not directly interact with patients compared to non-medical staff (p < 0.001). Conclusion Disparities were noted with females exhibiting more positive attitudes and better practices towards HH compared to males. Profession played a role with medical staff demonstrating higher adherence to HH than non-medical staff. Targeted intervention is recommended for male non-medical staff.
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spelling doaj-art-93bad89e2e30484881a5b067bf712f3c2025-08-20T03:08:02ZengSpringerDiscover Public Health3005-07742025-04-0122111710.1186/s12982-025-00510-zA comparison of knowledge, attitudes and practices of hand hygiene between in-service healthcare workers in East Trinidad and TobagoRajeev P. Nagassar0Roma J. Bridgelal-Nagassar1Stephon Rajkumarsingh2Devon Husband3Selena Juman4Nicholas Ramsawak5Stephanie Villafana6Mariam-Fekerte Jules7The Department of Microbiology, The Sangre Grande Hospital, The Eastern Regional Health AuthorityMedical Research and Audit, Directorate of Women’s Health, Ministry of HealthThe Department of Public Health, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West IndiesThe Department of Public Health, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West IndiesThe Department of Public Health, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West IndiesThe Department of Public Health, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West IndiesThe Department of Public Health, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West IndiesThe Department of Public Health, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West IndiesAbstract Background Hand hygiene (HH) stands at the forefront of the defence against the spread of disease and Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). Gaps may exist among the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAPs) of Healthcare Workers (HCWs). This study explores these gaps to understand the scope of the problem in East Trinidad. Method A cross-sectional study of in-service HCWs employed at the Eastern Regional Health Authority (ERHA) was conducted using convenience sampling to meet a pre-determined sample size. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Staff surveyed included medical and non-medical staff. IBM SPSS Version-29 was used for data analysis. Results Sixty one percent of staff received formal HH training while 39.4% of staff did not. Medical staff demonstrated higher levels of knowledge, more positive attitudes and adequate practices of HH. Female sex (p = 0.002) and profession (nurse and medical professionals [p = 0.031]) displayed a significant positive relationship to HH Knowledge. Regrading knowledge of optimal bed: hand wash basin ratios, 36.9% of participants selected ‘1 to 10.’ Female sex showed more positive attitudes to HH as a means of reducing HAI’s (p = 0.033) and better practices of HH based on the WHO’s 5 moments (p < 0.001). Medical staff agreed that they perform HH even if they do not directly interact with patients compared to non-medical staff (p < 0.001). Conclusion Disparities were noted with females exhibiting more positive attitudes and better practices towards HH compared to males. Profession played a role with medical staff demonstrating higher adherence to HH than non-medical staff. Targeted intervention is recommended for male non-medical staff.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00510-zHand hygieneTrinidad and TobagoERHAHealthcare workersKnowledgeAttitudes
spellingShingle Rajeev P. Nagassar
Roma J. Bridgelal-Nagassar
Stephon Rajkumarsingh
Devon Husband
Selena Juman
Nicholas Ramsawak
Stephanie Villafana
Mariam-Fekerte Jules
A comparison of knowledge, attitudes and practices of hand hygiene between in-service healthcare workers in East Trinidad and Tobago
Discover Public Health
Hand hygiene
Trinidad and Tobago
ERHA
Healthcare workers
Knowledge
Attitudes
title A comparison of knowledge, attitudes and practices of hand hygiene between in-service healthcare workers in East Trinidad and Tobago
title_full A comparison of knowledge, attitudes and practices of hand hygiene between in-service healthcare workers in East Trinidad and Tobago
title_fullStr A comparison of knowledge, attitudes and practices of hand hygiene between in-service healthcare workers in East Trinidad and Tobago
title_full_unstemmed A comparison of knowledge, attitudes and practices of hand hygiene between in-service healthcare workers in East Trinidad and Tobago
title_short A comparison of knowledge, attitudes and practices of hand hygiene between in-service healthcare workers in East Trinidad and Tobago
title_sort comparison of knowledge attitudes and practices of hand hygiene between in service healthcare workers in east trinidad and tobago
topic Hand hygiene
Trinidad and Tobago
ERHA
Healthcare workers
Knowledge
Attitudes
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00510-z
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