Structural characterization and bioactivity evaluation of a soluble polysaccharide (PCHP-1A) from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua: antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities

Abstract Background In recent years, the biological activities of polysaccharides derived from Chinese herbal medicones have garnered increasing attention. Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, a widely used traditional Chinese medicinal herb, possesses significant healthcare value. However, the structure–acti...

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Main Authors: Lunbin Xia, Cunwu Chen, Shaoshuai Bi, Yafei Zhang, Naidong Chen, Jing Feng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-04-01
Series:Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-025-00768-0
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author Lunbin Xia
Cunwu Chen
Shaoshuai Bi
Yafei Zhang
Naidong Chen
Jing Feng
author_facet Lunbin Xia
Cunwu Chen
Shaoshuai Bi
Yafei Zhang
Naidong Chen
Jing Feng
author_sort Lunbin Xia
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background In recent years, the biological activities of polysaccharides derived from Chinese herbal medicones have garnered increasing attention. Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, a widely used traditional Chinese medicinal herb, possesses significant healthcare value. However, the structure–activity relationship between polysaccharide structures and biological functions remains to be fully elucidated. Methods Crude Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharides (PCHP) were extracted using hot water extraction followed by alcohol precipitation. The extract was subsequently purified through DEAE seplife FF chromatography, yielding two franctions: PCHP-1 and PCHP-2. Because of the highest content and the better solubility, PCHP-1 was further purified using Sephacryl S-400HR column chromatography to obtain a purified fraction designated as PCHP-1A. Subsequently, The structural characteristics of PCHP-1A were comprehensively analyzed through monosaccharide composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Additionally, the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of PCHP-1A were evaluated though in vitro experiments. Results Structural analysis revealed that PCHP-1A, with an average molecular weight of 2.90 × 104 Da, is comprised of fructose (Fru), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), mannose (Man), arabinose (Ara) and rhamnose (Rha). PCHP-1A exhibited a compact and curly spherical molecule conformation, and SEM analysis revealed its smooth, porous, clastic or lamellar microstructure. Comprehensive FT-IR, GC–MS, and 1D/2D NMR analyses indicated that the main chain of PCHP-1A consists of → 1)-β-d-Fruf-(2 → , → 1,6)-β-d-Fruf-(2 → , and → 6)-α-d-Glcp, with branch chains primarily composed of β-d-Fruf-(2 → linked at the O-6 position of → 1,6)-β-d-Fruf-(2 →. Biological activity assays demonstrated that at a concentration of 4.0 mg/mL, PCHP-1A exhibited a DPPH scavenging rate of 56.92 ± 1.42% and an inhibitory capacity against ·OH radicals of 23.27 ± 1.80 U/mL. Furthermore, PCHP-1A showed significant hypoglycemic activity, with an IC50 value of 5.15 ± 1.09 mg/mL. Conclusions This study successfully isolated and purified polysaccharide from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, elucidated its fundamental structure, and investigated its antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the structure–activity relationship of the polysaccharide and suggest that Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide may be a natural potential antioxidant and hypoglycemic agent. Graphical Abstract
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spelling doaj-art-93b5366b800445ed87a36d2a0a262c7a2025-08-20T02:11:46ZengSpringerOpenChemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture2196-56412025-04-0112112210.1186/s40538-025-00768-0Structural characterization and bioactivity evaluation of a soluble polysaccharide (PCHP-1A) from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua: antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activitiesLunbin Xia0Cunwu Chen1Shaoshuai Bi2Yafei Zhang3Naidong Chen4Jing Feng5College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui UniversityCollege of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui UniversityCollege of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui UniversityCollege of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui UniversityCollege of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui UniversityEndocrinology Department, Lu’an People’s Hospital of Anhui ProvinceAbstract Background In recent years, the biological activities of polysaccharides derived from Chinese herbal medicones have garnered increasing attention. Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, a widely used traditional Chinese medicinal herb, possesses significant healthcare value. However, the structure–activity relationship between polysaccharide structures and biological functions remains to be fully elucidated. Methods Crude Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharides (PCHP) were extracted using hot water extraction followed by alcohol precipitation. The extract was subsequently purified through DEAE seplife FF chromatography, yielding two franctions: PCHP-1 and PCHP-2. Because of the highest content and the better solubility, PCHP-1 was further purified using Sephacryl S-400HR column chromatography to obtain a purified fraction designated as PCHP-1A. Subsequently, The structural characteristics of PCHP-1A were comprehensively analyzed through monosaccharide composition analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Additionally, the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of PCHP-1A were evaluated though in vitro experiments. Results Structural analysis revealed that PCHP-1A, with an average molecular weight of 2.90 × 104 Da, is comprised of fructose (Fru), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), mannose (Man), arabinose (Ara) and rhamnose (Rha). PCHP-1A exhibited a compact and curly spherical molecule conformation, and SEM analysis revealed its smooth, porous, clastic or lamellar microstructure. Comprehensive FT-IR, GC–MS, and 1D/2D NMR analyses indicated that the main chain of PCHP-1A consists of → 1)-β-d-Fruf-(2 → , → 1,6)-β-d-Fruf-(2 → , and → 6)-α-d-Glcp, with branch chains primarily composed of β-d-Fruf-(2 → linked at the O-6 position of → 1,6)-β-d-Fruf-(2 →. Biological activity assays demonstrated that at a concentration of 4.0 mg/mL, PCHP-1A exhibited a DPPH scavenging rate of 56.92 ± 1.42% and an inhibitory capacity against ·OH radicals of 23.27 ± 1.80 U/mL. Furthermore, PCHP-1A showed significant hypoglycemic activity, with an IC50 value of 5.15 ± 1.09 mg/mL. Conclusions This study successfully isolated and purified polysaccharide from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, elucidated its fundamental structure, and investigated its antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the structure–activity relationship of the polysaccharide and suggest that Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide may be a natural potential antioxidant and hypoglycemic agent. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-025-00768-0Polygonatum cyrtonema HuaMolecular structurePolysaccharideBioactivity
spellingShingle Lunbin Xia
Cunwu Chen
Shaoshuai Bi
Yafei Zhang
Naidong Chen
Jing Feng
Structural characterization and bioactivity evaluation of a soluble polysaccharide (PCHP-1A) from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua: antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua
Molecular structure
Polysaccharide
Bioactivity
title Structural characterization and bioactivity evaluation of a soluble polysaccharide (PCHP-1A) from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua: antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities
title_full Structural characterization and bioactivity evaluation of a soluble polysaccharide (PCHP-1A) from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua: antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities
title_fullStr Structural characterization and bioactivity evaluation of a soluble polysaccharide (PCHP-1A) from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua: antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities
title_full_unstemmed Structural characterization and bioactivity evaluation of a soluble polysaccharide (PCHP-1A) from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua: antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities
title_short Structural characterization and bioactivity evaluation of a soluble polysaccharide (PCHP-1A) from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua: antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities
title_sort structural characterization and bioactivity evaluation of a soluble polysaccharide pchp 1a from polygonatum cyrtonema hua antioxidant and α glucosidase inhibitory activities
topic Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua
Molecular structure
Polysaccharide
Bioactivity
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-025-00768-0
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