Reuse of plant-based side streams in food production: Overview of chemical food safety hazards

The European Green Deal and consumer demands drive the increased use of side streams in food production. Although this circular use of materials positively impacts sustainability, it may result in the accumulation or introduction of chemical hazards in the final product. This study explored the pote...

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Main Authors: E.D. van Asselt, N. Dam, W. Tao, N. Meijer, R.M. de Jongh, J.L. Banach
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-12-01
Series:Future Foods
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666833525001959
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author E.D. van Asselt
N. Dam
W. Tao
N. Meijer
R.M. de Jongh
J.L. Banach
author_facet E.D. van Asselt
N. Dam
W. Tao
N. Meijer
R.M. de Jongh
J.L. Banach
author_sort E.D. van Asselt
collection DOAJ
description The European Green Deal and consumer demands drive the increased use of side streams in food production. Although this circular use of materials positively impacts sustainability, it may result in the accumulation or introduction of chemical hazards in the final product. This study explored the potential chemical hazards that can be present in side streams from nine raw materials, i.e., apple, beetroot, carrot, citrus, corn, potato, sugar beet, tomato, and wheat, and brewer’s spent grain (BSG), a side stream from beer production. A structured approach was developed starting from a list of chemical hazards in the raw materials, supplemented with literature information Rapid Alert System for Feed and Food (RASFF) notifications, and expert judgement. All information was combined to provide a list of relevant hazards that could be present in the selected side streams. This study showed that heavy metals, mycotoxins, and plant protection products are most frequently included as relevant hazards. Citrus peel contained the most identified potential chemical hazards (n = 59), whereas root vegetables such as beetroot, sugar beet, and carrot had the lowest number of chemical hazards on the list (respectively 7, 8, and 9). The methodology applied can also be used for side streams from other plant-based raw materials when appropriate data sources are used. The results presented in this study show that this method helps identify potential chemical hazards to be included in monitoring when reusing side streams and can serve as an input for determining chemical food safety in new food product formulations.
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spelling doaj-art-939222caae194406b0766d9708bc2cb42025-08-20T05:08:00ZengElsevierFuture Foods2666-83352025-12-011210073610.1016/j.fufo.2025.100736Reuse of plant-based side streams in food production: Overview of chemical food safety hazardsE.D. van Asselt0N. Dam1W. Tao2N. Meijer3R.M. de Jongh4J.L. Banach5Wageningen Food Safety Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the NetherlandsWageningen Food Safety Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the NetherlandsWageningen Food Safety Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the NetherlandsWageningen Food Safety Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the NetherlandsWageningen Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the NetherlandsWageningen Food Safety Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, the NetherlandsThe European Green Deal and consumer demands drive the increased use of side streams in food production. Although this circular use of materials positively impacts sustainability, it may result in the accumulation or introduction of chemical hazards in the final product. This study explored the potential chemical hazards that can be present in side streams from nine raw materials, i.e., apple, beetroot, carrot, citrus, corn, potato, sugar beet, tomato, and wheat, and brewer’s spent grain (BSG), a side stream from beer production. A structured approach was developed starting from a list of chemical hazards in the raw materials, supplemented with literature information Rapid Alert System for Feed and Food (RASFF) notifications, and expert judgement. All information was combined to provide a list of relevant hazards that could be present in the selected side streams. This study showed that heavy metals, mycotoxins, and plant protection products are most frequently included as relevant hazards. Citrus peel contained the most identified potential chemical hazards (n = 59), whereas root vegetables such as beetroot, sugar beet, and carrot had the lowest number of chemical hazards on the list (respectively 7, 8, and 9). The methodology applied can also be used for side streams from other plant-based raw materials when appropriate data sources are used. The results presented in this study show that this method helps identify potential chemical hazards to be included in monitoring when reusing side streams and can serve as an input for determining chemical food safety in new food product formulations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666833525001959Plant-basedRisk-based monitoringSide streamsFood safetySafe-by-design
spellingShingle E.D. van Asselt
N. Dam
W. Tao
N. Meijer
R.M. de Jongh
J.L. Banach
Reuse of plant-based side streams in food production: Overview of chemical food safety hazards
Future Foods
Plant-based
Risk-based monitoring
Side streams
Food safety
Safe-by-design
title Reuse of plant-based side streams in food production: Overview of chemical food safety hazards
title_full Reuse of plant-based side streams in food production: Overview of chemical food safety hazards
title_fullStr Reuse of plant-based side streams in food production: Overview of chemical food safety hazards
title_full_unstemmed Reuse of plant-based side streams in food production: Overview of chemical food safety hazards
title_short Reuse of plant-based side streams in food production: Overview of chemical food safety hazards
title_sort reuse of plant based side streams in food production overview of chemical food safety hazards
topic Plant-based
Risk-based monitoring
Side streams
Food safety
Safe-by-design
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666833525001959
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