Detecting Lameness in Dairy Cows Based on Gait Feature Mapping and Attention Mechanisms

Lameness significantly compromises dairy cattle welfare and productivity. Early detection enables prompt intervention, enhancing both animal health and farm efficiency. Current computer vision approaches often rely on isolated lameness feature quantification, disregarding critical interdependencies...

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Main Authors: Xi Kang, Junjie Liang, Qian Li, Gang Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Agriculture
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/12/1276
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author Xi Kang
Junjie Liang
Qian Li
Gang Liu
author_facet Xi Kang
Junjie Liang
Qian Li
Gang Liu
author_sort Xi Kang
collection DOAJ
description Lameness significantly compromises dairy cattle welfare and productivity. Early detection enables prompt intervention, enhancing both animal health and farm efficiency. Current computer vision approaches often rely on isolated lameness feature quantification, disregarding critical interdependencies among gait parameters. This limitation is exacerbated by the distinct kinematic patterns exhibited across lameness severity grades, ultimately reducing detection accuracy. This study presents an integrated computer vision and deep-learning framework for dairy cattle lameness detection and severity classification. The proposed system comprises (1) a Cow Lameness Feature Map (CLFM) model extracting holistic gait kinematics (hoof trajectories and dorsal contour) from walking sequences, and (2) a DenseNet-Integrated Convolutional Attention Module (DCAM) that mitigates inter-individual variability through multi-feature fusion. Experimental validation utilized 3150 annotated lameness feature maps derived from 175 Holsteins under natural walking conditions, demonstrating robust classification performance. The classification accuracy of the method for varying degrees of lameness was 92.80%, the sensitivity was 89.21%, and the specificity was 94.60%. The detection of healthy and lameness dairy cows’ accuracy was 99.05%, the sensitivity was 100%, and the specificity was 98.57%. The experimental results demonstrate the advantage of implementing lameness severity-adaptive feature weighting through hierarchical network architecture.
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institution Kabale University
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spelling doaj-art-938aa10059af4f30a90e79762162f0592025-08-20T03:26:20ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722025-06-011512127610.3390/agriculture15121276Detecting Lameness in Dairy Cows Based on Gait Feature Mapping and Attention MechanismsXi Kang0Junjie Liang1Qian Li2Gang Liu3School of Computing and Data Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, ChinaSchool of Computing and Data Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, ChinaKey Lab of Smart Agriculture Systems, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaKey Lab of Smart Agriculture Systems, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaLameness significantly compromises dairy cattle welfare and productivity. Early detection enables prompt intervention, enhancing both animal health and farm efficiency. Current computer vision approaches often rely on isolated lameness feature quantification, disregarding critical interdependencies among gait parameters. This limitation is exacerbated by the distinct kinematic patterns exhibited across lameness severity grades, ultimately reducing detection accuracy. This study presents an integrated computer vision and deep-learning framework for dairy cattle lameness detection and severity classification. The proposed system comprises (1) a Cow Lameness Feature Map (CLFM) model extracting holistic gait kinematics (hoof trajectories and dorsal contour) from walking sequences, and (2) a DenseNet-Integrated Convolutional Attention Module (DCAM) that mitigates inter-individual variability through multi-feature fusion. Experimental validation utilized 3150 annotated lameness feature maps derived from 175 Holsteins under natural walking conditions, demonstrating robust classification performance. The classification accuracy of the method for varying degrees of lameness was 92.80%, the sensitivity was 89.21%, and the specificity was 94.60%. The detection of healthy and lameness dairy cows’ accuracy was 99.05%, the sensitivity was 100%, and the specificity was 98.57%. The experimental results demonstrate the advantage of implementing lameness severity-adaptive feature weighting through hierarchical network architecture.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/12/1276computer visiondeep learningprecision livestock farming
spellingShingle Xi Kang
Junjie Liang
Qian Li
Gang Liu
Detecting Lameness in Dairy Cows Based on Gait Feature Mapping and Attention Mechanisms
Agriculture
computer vision
deep learning
precision livestock farming
title Detecting Lameness in Dairy Cows Based on Gait Feature Mapping and Attention Mechanisms
title_full Detecting Lameness in Dairy Cows Based on Gait Feature Mapping and Attention Mechanisms
title_fullStr Detecting Lameness in Dairy Cows Based on Gait Feature Mapping and Attention Mechanisms
title_full_unstemmed Detecting Lameness in Dairy Cows Based on Gait Feature Mapping and Attention Mechanisms
title_short Detecting Lameness in Dairy Cows Based on Gait Feature Mapping and Attention Mechanisms
title_sort detecting lameness in dairy cows based on gait feature mapping and attention mechanisms
topic computer vision
deep learning
precision livestock farming
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/12/1276
work_keys_str_mv AT xikang detectinglamenessindairycowsbasedongaitfeaturemappingandattentionmechanisms
AT junjieliang detectinglamenessindairycowsbasedongaitfeaturemappingandattentionmechanisms
AT qianli detectinglamenessindairycowsbasedongaitfeaturemappingandattentionmechanisms
AT gangliu detectinglamenessindairycowsbasedongaitfeaturemappingandattentionmechanisms