Developing diversity indicators from organic matter and microbe to depict their changes across different soil-landscapes in a subtropical hilly area

Soil organic matter (SOM) molecular diversity and microbial functional diversity are critical for regulating soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence and maintaining soil ecological functions. Heterogeneous soil-landscapes critically regulate SOC sequestration processes and microbial community dynamics...

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Main Authors: Zheng Zhao, Chun Liu, Yue Han, Qingmei Lin, Ruiling Ma, Shuotong Chen, Lianqing Li, Genxing Pan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Geoderma
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706125003131
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author Zheng Zhao
Chun Liu
Yue Han
Qingmei Lin
Ruiling Ma
Shuotong Chen
Lianqing Li
Genxing Pan
author_facet Zheng Zhao
Chun Liu
Yue Han
Qingmei Lin
Ruiling Ma
Shuotong Chen
Lianqing Li
Genxing Pan
author_sort Zheng Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Soil organic matter (SOM) molecular diversity and microbial functional diversity are critical for regulating soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence and maintaining soil ecological functions. Heterogeneous soil-landscapes critically regulate SOC sequestration processes and microbial community dynamics through distinct topographic conditions and anthropogenic influence in the area of Earth surface. Understanding how SOM diversity and microbial diversity interact and influence soil ecological functions across soil-landscapes within a heterogeneous area is key to developing targeted land management strategies, thereby achieving sustainable development goals for the region. In this study, topsoil samples (0–15 cm) were collected from four distinct soil-landscapes within a small watershed in a hilly area, including natural forestland (FL) on hillslopes, agricultural orchards (OR) and upland (UL) on downlands, and paddy fields (PF) within the basin. We used organic carbon (OC) molecular assays and microbial assays to investigate SOM molecular composition, and microbial activity and community structure in bulk soil and aggregate fractions, correlating SOM molecular composition with microbes. Our results indicate that the contribution of lignin to SOC decreased (except in PF), amino sugars increased, while glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSPs) remained unchanged, with the SOC loss in agricultural landscapes. Compared to FL, agricultural landscapes of PF, UL and OR showed significantly reduced mass proportions of larger-sized aggregates and decreased lignin contributions in macroaggregates and microaggregates, indicating that plant-derived lignin phenols play a major role in SOC accumulation. Based on SOM composition, microbial community and enzyme activities, we developed synthesis diversity indicators that effectively depict SOM-microbial links and soil ecological function across soil-landscapes, and these indicators showed significant positive correlations with SOC and microbial abundance. Collectively, our findings demonstrated the importance of lignin phenols in SOC accumulation and highlighted the differential roles of microbial-derived C (GRSPs and amino sugars) in SOC dynamics. By integrating investigations of SOM composition with microbial activity and community structure, along with using diversity indicators to describe the changes of SOM and microbes in different soil-landscapes, we can better understand SOM-microbial interactions and soil ecological function maintenance in diverse terrestrial soil-landscapes.
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spelling doaj-art-937b66b7a552418d949433b205c2a07e2025-08-20T04:01:48ZengElsevierGeoderma1872-62592025-09-0146111747210.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117472Developing diversity indicators from organic matter and microbe to depict their changes across different soil-landscapes in a subtropical hilly areaZheng Zhao0Chun Liu1Yue Han2Qingmei Lin3Ruiling Ma4Shuotong Chen5Lianqing Li6Genxing Pan7Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR ChinaInstitute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Nanjing Land Consolidation and Collection Management Center, 15 Gaojiajiuguan, Nanjing 210029, PR ChinaInstitute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR ChinaInstitute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR ChinaInstitute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR ChinaInstitute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou 225127, PR ChinaInstitute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR ChinaInstitute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Corresponding author at: Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China.Soil organic matter (SOM) molecular diversity and microbial functional diversity are critical for regulating soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence and maintaining soil ecological functions. Heterogeneous soil-landscapes critically regulate SOC sequestration processes and microbial community dynamics through distinct topographic conditions and anthropogenic influence in the area of Earth surface. Understanding how SOM diversity and microbial diversity interact and influence soil ecological functions across soil-landscapes within a heterogeneous area is key to developing targeted land management strategies, thereby achieving sustainable development goals for the region. In this study, topsoil samples (0–15 cm) were collected from four distinct soil-landscapes within a small watershed in a hilly area, including natural forestland (FL) on hillslopes, agricultural orchards (OR) and upland (UL) on downlands, and paddy fields (PF) within the basin. We used organic carbon (OC) molecular assays and microbial assays to investigate SOM molecular composition, and microbial activity and community structure in bulk soil and aggregate fractions, correlating SOM molecular composition with microbes. Our results indicate that the contribution of lignin to SOC decreased (except in PF), amino sugars increased, while glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSPs) remained unchanged, with the SOC loss in agricultural landscapes. Compared to FL, agricultural landscapes of PF, UL and OR showed significantly reduced mass proportions of larger-sized aggregates and decreased lignin contributions in macroaggregates and microaggregates, indicating that plant-derived lignin phenols play a major role in SOC accumulation. Based on SOM composition, microbial community and enzyme activities, we developed synthesis diversity indicators that effectively depict SOM-microbial links and soil ecological function across soil-landscapes, and these indicators showed significant positive correlations with SOC and microbial abundance. Collectively, our findings demonstrated the importance of lignin phenols in SOC accumulation and highlighted the differential roles of microbial-derived C (GRSPs and amino sugars) in SOC dynamics. By integrating investigations of SOM composition with microbial activity and community structure, along with using diversity indicators to describe the changes of SOM and microbes in different soil-landscapes, we can better understand SOM-microbial interactions and soil ecological function maintenance in diverse terrestrial soil-landscapes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706125003131Soil-landscapeDiversity indicatorSoil organic matterMicrobial activity and communitySoil aggregation
spellingShingle Zheng Zhao
Chun Liu
Yue Han
Qingmei Lin
Ruiling Ma
Shuotong Chen
Lianqing Li
Genxing Pan
Developing diversity indicators from organic matter and microbe to depict their changes across different soil-landscapes in a subtropical hilly area
Geoderma
Soil-landscape
Diversity indicator
Soil organic matter
Microbial activity and community
Soil aggregation
title Developing diversity indicators from organic matter and microbe to depict their changes across different soil-landscapes in a subtropical hilly area
title_full Developing diversity indicators from organic matter and microbe to depict their changes across different soil-landscapes in a subtropical hilly area
title_fullStr Developing diversity indicators from organic matter and microbe to depict their changes across different soil-landscapes in a subtropical hilly area
title_full_unstemmed Developing diversity indicators from organic matter and microbe to depict their changes across different soil-landscapes in a subtropical hilly area
title_short Developing diversity indicators from organic matter and microbe to depict their changes across different soil-landscapes in a subtropical hilly area
title_sort developing diversity indicators from organic matter and microbe to depict their changes across different soil landscapes in a subtropical hilly area
topic Soil-landscape
Diversity indicator
Soil organic matter
Microbial activity and community
Soil aggregation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706125003131
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