Introducing the Women’s Execution Database: Revising the Narrative of Gender and Executions with Empirical Evidence

The Death Penalty Information Center’s (DPIC) website states that, since 1608, 576 executions of women under civil authority have been carried out in the United States. The “Espy file”, cited by the DPIC, is widely considered to be the definitive dataset of all executions occurring between 1608 and...

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Main Author: Corina Schulze
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Sexes
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5118/6/2/27
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author Corina Schulze
author_facet Corina Schulze
author_sort Corina Schulze
collection DOAJ
description The Death Penalty Information Center’s (DPIC) website states that, since 1608, 576 executions of women under civil authority have been carried out in the United States. The “Espy file”, cited by the DPIC, is widely considered to be the definitive dataset of all executions occurring between 1608 and 2002, but only lists about 365 executions of women. The following two major empirical contributions are offered: (1) source verification of the Espy file, suggesting that black women are especially undercounted and that the total number of executions is closer to 700, and (2) the provision of descriptive statistics demonstrating the variability of women’s to men’s execution ratios over time. This study’s primary purpose is the release and publication of a working dataset, the Women’s Execution Database (WEB), which is meant to generate interest in constructing a narrative that validates the importance of gender-focused theories requiring variables that represent gendered experiences with the death penalty. One example of how such a database can verify women’s erasure in mainstream discussions of capital punishment are WEB statistics demonstrating that active resistance to slavery and racism is verifiable via empirical evidence.
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spelling doaj-art-93687a30ad6745ec962e23a802a2b0762025-08-20T02:21:50ZengMDPI AGSexes2411-51182025-06-01622710.3390/sexes6020027Introducing the Women’s Execution Database: Revising the Narrative of Gender and Executions with Empirical EvidenceCorina Schulze0Department of Political Science & Criminal Justice, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USAThe Death Penalty Information Center’s (DPIC) website states that, since 1608, 576 executions of women under civil authority have been carried out in the United States. The “Espy file”, cited by the DPIC, is widely considered to be the definitive dataset of all executions occurring between 1608 and 2002, but only lists about 365 executions of women. The following two major empirical contributions are offered: (1) source verification of the Espy file, suggesting that black women are especially undercounted and that the total number of executions is closer to 700, and (2) the provision of descriptive statistics demonstrating the variability of women’s to men’s execution ratios over time. This study’s primary purpose is the release and publication of a working dataset, the Women’s Execution Database (WEB), which is meant to generate interest in constructing a narrative that validates the importance of gender-focused theories requiring variables that represent gendered experiences with the death penalty. One example of how such a database can verify women’s erasure in mainstream discussions of capital punishment are WEB statistics demonstrating that active resistance to slavery and racism is verifiable via empirical evidence.https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5118/6/2/27womenexecutionscapital punishmentEspy fileM. Watt Espythe Espy Papers
spellingShingle Corina Schulze
Introducing the Women’s Execution Database: Revising the Narrative of Gender and Executions with Empirical Evidence
Sexes
women
executions
capital punishment
Espy file
M. Watt Espy
the Espy Papers
title Introducing the Women’s Execution Database: Revising the Narrative of Gender and Executions with Empirical Evidence
title_full Introducing the Women’s Execution Database: Revising the Narrative of Gender and Executions with Empirical Evidence
title_fullStr Introducing the Women’s Execution Database: Revising the Narrative of Gender and Executions with Empirical Evidence
title_full_unstemmed Introducing the Women’s Execution Database: Revising the Narrative of Gender and Executions with Empirical Evidence
title_short Introducing the Women’s Execution Database: Revising the Narrative of Gender and Executions with Empirical Evidence
title_sort introducing the women s execution database revising the narrative of gender and executions with empirical evidence
topic women
executions
capital punishment
Espy file
M. Watt Espy
the Espy Papers
url https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5118/6/2/27
work_keys_str_mv AT corinaschulze introducingthewomensexecutiondatabaserevisingthenarrativeofgenderandexecutionswithempiricalevidence