Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus–Related Mortality in the United States, 1999 to 2023
Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased in the United States, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This study analyzes trends in T2DM-related mortality focusing on demographic and regional disparities. Methods: The Centers for Disease...
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Elsevier
2025-07-01
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| Series: | JACC: Advances |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772963X25003023 |
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| author | Mushood Ahmed, MBBS Eeshal Zulfiqar, MBBS Aimen Shafiq, MD Maryam Shahzad, MBBS Tallal Mushtaq Hashmi, MBBS Raheel Ahmed, MRCP Jamal S. Rana, MD PhD Stephen Sidney, MD Stephen J. Greene, MD Robert J. Mentz, MD Marat Fudim, MD MHS Gregg C. Fonarow, MD |
| author_facet | Mushood Ahmed, MBBS Eeshal Zulfiqar, MBBS Aimen Shafiq, MD Maryam Shahzad, MBBS Tallal Mushtaq Hashmi, MBBS Raheel Ahmed, MRCP Jamal S. Rana, MD PhD Stephen Sidney, MD Stephen J. Greene, MD Robert J. Mentz, MD Marat Fudim, MD MHS Gregg C. Fonarow, MD |
| author_sort | Mushood Ahmed, MBBS |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased in the United States, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This study analyzes trends in T2DM-related mortality focusing on demographic and regional disparities. Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database was utilized to extract death certificate data for adults aged 25 and older from 1999 to 2023. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 persons were calculated. Temporal trends were assessed by calculating the annual percent change using Joinpoint regression analysis. Results: From 1999 to 2023, a total of 2,031,626 deaths were attributed to T2DM in the United States. The AAMR more than doubled from 21.54 per 100,000 in 1999 to 53.95 per 100,000 in 2023 with a pronounced increase between 2018 and 2021 (AAMR: 62.7 in 2021, annual percent change: 16.06%; 95% CI: 11.84-19.66). Males had considerably higher AAMR than females (68.82 vs 42.48 in 2023). Among racial and ethnic groups, Hispanic or Latino populations had the highest AAMR in 2023 (69.69), followed by non-Hispanic Black or African American (65.45), non-Hispanic other populations (53.7), and non-Hispanic White group (49.98). The Western region of the United States showed the highest AAMR (78.29), and rural areas consistently had higher mortality rates compared to urban areas (69.88 vs 55.32 in 2020). From 1999 to 2023, cardiovascular disease accounted for 626,706 deaths among adults with T2DM. Conclusions: T2DM-related mortality has increased substantially over the time in the United States, with a peak observed between 2018 and 2021, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-936798340c8945ca95da7b5e092fba2d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2772-963X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JACC: Advances |
| spelling | doaj-art-936798340c8945ca95da7b5e092fba2d2025-08-20T03:21:46ZengElsevierJACC: Advances2772-963X2025-07-014710188210.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101882Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus–Related Mortality in the United States, 1999 to 2023Mushood Ahmed, MBBS0Eeshal Zulfiqar, MBBS1Aimen Shafiq, MD2Maryam Shahzad, MBBS3Tallal Mushtaq Hashmi, MBBS4Raheel Ahmed, MRCP5Jamal S. Rana, MD PhD6Stephen Sidney, MD7Stephen J. Greene, MD8Robert J. Mentz, MD9Marat Fudim, MD MHS10Gregg C. Fonarow, MD11Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, PakistanDow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PakistanDow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PakistanDow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PakistanRawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, PakistanDepartment of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Address for Correspondence: Dr Raheel Ahmed, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.Division of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USAMedical University of South Carolina, Charleson, North Carolina, USADivision of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USADivision of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USADivision of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USAAhmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, Division of Cardiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USABackground: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased in the United States, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This study analyzes trends in T2DM-related mortality focusing on demographic and regional disparities. Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database was utilized to extract death certificate data for adults aged 25 and older from 1999 to 2023. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 persons were calculated. Temporal trends were assessed by calculating the annual percent change using Joinpoint regression analysis. Results: From 1999 to 2023, a total of 2,031,626 deaths were attributed to T2DM in the United States. The AAMR more than doubled from 21.54 per 100,000 in 1999 to 53.95 per 100,000 in 2023 with a pronounced increase between 2018 and 2021 (AAMR: 62.7 in 2021, annual percent change: 16.06%; 95% CI: 11.84-19.66). Males had considerably higher AAMR than females (68.82 vs 42.48 in 2023). Among racial and ethnic groups, Hispanic or Latino populations had the highest AAMR in 2023 (69.69), followed by non-Hispanic Black or African American (65.45), non-Hispanic other populations (53.7), and non-Hispanic White group (49.98). The Western region of the United States showed the highest AAMR (78.29), and rural areas consistently had higher mortality rates compared to urban areas (69.88 vs 55.32 in 2020). From 1999 to 2023, cardiovascular disease accounted for 626,706 deaths among adults with T2DM. Conclusions: T2DM-related mortality has increased substantially over the time in the United States, with a peak observed between 2018 and 2021, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772963X25003023cardiovascularCDC WONDERtype 2 diabetes mellitusmortality |
| spellingShingle | Mushood Ahmed, MBBS Eeshal Zulfiqar, MBBS Aimen Shafiq, MD Maryam Shahzad, MBBS Tallal Mushtaq Hashmi, MBBS Raheel Ahmed, MRCP Jamal S. Rana, MD PhD Stephen Sidney, MD Stephen J. Greene, MD Robert J. Mentz, MD Marat Fudim, MD MHS Gregg C. Fonarow, MD Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus–Related Mortality in the United States, 1999 to 2023 JACC: Advances cardiovascular CDC WONDER type 2 diabetes mellitus mortality |
| title | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus–Related Mortality in the United States, 1999 to 2023 |
| title_full | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus–Related Mortality in the United States, 1999 to 2023 |
| title_fullStr | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus–Related Mortality in the United States, 1999 to 2023 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus–Related Mortality in the United States, 1999 to 2023 |
| title_short | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus–Related Mortality in the United States, 1999 to 2023 |
| title_sort | type 2 diabetes mellitus related mortality in the united states 1999 to 2023 |
| topic | cardiovascular CDC WONDER type 2 diabetes mellitus mortality |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772963X25003023 |
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