Contrasting Patterns of Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Spatial Population Genomics Throughout a Rabies Management Area in Eastern North America

ABSTRACT Wide‐ranging, generalist species provide both interesting and challenging opportunities for research questions focused on population structure. Their continuous distributions and ability to occupy diverse habitat types can obscure genetic signals of ancestry and geographic clustering. Howev...

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Main Authors: Matthew W. Hopken, Clara P. Mankowski, Christine Thurber, Antoinette J. Piaggio, Kathleen M. Nelson, Richard B. Chipman, Zaid Abdo, Tore Buchanan, Ariane Massé, Amy T. Gilbert
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-05-01
Series:Evolutionary Applications
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70105
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author Matthew W. Hopken
Clara P. Mankowski
Christine Thurber
Antoinette J. Piaggio
Kathleen M. Nelson
Richard B. Chipman
Zaid Abdo
Tore Buchanan
Ariane Massé
Amy T. Gilbert
author_facet Matthew W. Hopken
Clara P. Mankowski
Christine Thurber
Antoinette J. Piaggio
Kathleen M. Nelson
Richard B. Chipman
Zaid Abdo
Tore Buchanan
Ariane Massé
Amy T. Gilbert
author_sort Matthew W. Hopken
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Wide‐ranging, generalist species provide both interesting and challenging opportunities for research questions focused on population structure. Their continuous distributions and ability to occupy diverse habitat types can obscure genetic signals of ancestry and geographic clustering. However, spatially informed population genetic approaches are notable for high‐resolution identification of geographic clusters that often elude more classical clustering models. The northern raccoon (Procyon lotor) is a broadly distributed species in North America, with populations in diverse habitats ranging from dense urban to rural landscapes. Wildlife management agencies have an interest in understanding raccoon ecology, given their propensity for human‐wildlife conflicts and zoonotic diseases. We combined samples from an extensive raccoon tissue repository with a RADcapture panel of 1000 microhaplotype loci to conduct spatial genetic analyses of raccoon populations in eastern North America. Our objective was to estimate patterns of genetic diversity on the landscape that may inform raccoon rabies management. Bayesian clustering analyses delineated multiple ancestry clusters that encompassed large areas across 22 US states and 2 Canadian provinces. We discovered a potential phylogeographic split between central and southern samples from those in the northeast region, which correlates with post‐Pleistocene recolonization detected in a multitude of species from the region. A finer scale structure was identified using spatially explicit analyses and demonstrated variable dispersal/gene flow patterns within specific regions. The Appalachian Mountain region restricted local connectivity among raccoons, while raccoon populations in central New York, the Ohio River Valley, southern Québec, and southern Alabama demonstrated high genetic connectivity. The results from this study highlight how raccoon ecology and historical biogeography can help contextualize contrasting hypotheses about the influence of landscape on raccoon movement patterns, which can inform management of zoonotic disease risks at regional scales.
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spelling doaj-art-93670db62e8741e4914a35d208c449b42025-08-20T03:48:22ZengWileyEvolutionary Applications1752-45712025-05-01185n/an/a10.1111/eva.70105Contrasting Patterns of Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Spatial Population Genomics Throughout a Rabies Management Area in Eastern North AmericaMatthew W. Hopken0Clara P. Mankowski1Christine Thurber2Antoinette J. Piaggio3Kathleen M. Nelson4Richard B. Chipman5Zaid Abdo6Tore Buchanan7Ariane Massé8Amy T. Gilbert9US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center Fort Collins Colorado USAUS Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center Fort Collins Colorado USAUS Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Rabies Management Program Concord New Hampshire USAUS Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center Fort Collins Colorado USAUS Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Rabies Management Program Concord New Hampshire USAUS Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Rabies Management Program Concord New Hampshire USADepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USAWildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 2140 East Bank Dr., Trent University Peterborough Ontario CanadaMinistère de l'Environnement, de la Lutte Contre les Changements Climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs, Gouvernement du Québec Québec CanadaUS Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center Fort Collins Colorado USAABSTRACT Wide‐ranging, generalist species provide both interesting and challenging opportunities for research questions focused on population structure. Their continuous distributions and ability to occupy diverse habitat types can obscure genetic signals of ancestry and geographic clustering. However, spatially informed population genetic approaches are notable for high‐resolution identification of geographic clusters that often elude more classical clustering models. The northern raccoon (Procyon lotor) is a broadly distributed species in North America, with populations in diverse habitats ranging from dense urban to rural landscapes. Wildlife management agencies have an interest in understanding raccoon ecology, given their propensity for human‐wildlife conflicts and zoonotic diseases. We combined samples from an extensive raccoon tissue repository with a RADcapture panel of 1000 microhaplotype loci to conduct spatial genetic analyses of raccoon populations in eastern North America. Our objective was to estimate patterns of genetic diversity on the landscape that may inform raccoon rabies management. Bayesian clustering analyses delineated multiple ancestry clusters that encompassed large areas across 22 US states and 2 Canadian provinces. We discovered a potential phylogeographic split between central and southern samples from those in the northeast region, which correlates with post‐Pleistocene recolonization detected in a multitude of species from the region. A finer scale structure was identified using spatially explicit analyses and demonstrated variable dispersal/gene flow patterns within specific regions. The Appalachian Mountain region restricted local connectivity among raccoons, while raccoon populations in central New York, the Ohio River Valley, southern Québec, and southern Alabama demonstrated high genetic connectivity. The results from this study highlight how raccoon ecology and historical biogeography can help contextualize contrasting hypotheses about the influence of landscape on raccoon movement patterns, which can inform management of zoonotic disease risks at regional scales.https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70105dispersalmicrohaplotypesrabiesspatial autocorrelationwildlife diseasezoonotic disease
spellingShingle Matthew W. Hopken
Clara P. Mankowski
Christine Thurber
Antoinette J. Piaggio
Kathleen M. Nelson
Richard B. Chipman
Zaid Abdo
Tore Buchanan
Ariane Massé
Amy T. Gilbert
Contrasting Patterns of Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Spatial Population Genomics Throughout a Rabies Management Area in Eastern North America
Evolutionary Applications
dispersal
microhaplotypes
rabies
spatial autocorrelation
wildlife disease
zoonotic disease
title Contrasting Patterns of Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Spatial Population Genomics Throughout a Rabies Management Area in Eastern North America
title_full Contrasting Patterns of Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Spatial Population Genomics Throughout a Rabies Management Area in Eastern North America
title_fullStr Contrasting Patterns of Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Spatial Population Genomics Throughout a Rabies Management Area in Eastern North America
title_full_unstemmed Contrasting Patterns of Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Spatial Population Genomics Throughout a Rabies Management Area in Eastern North America
title_short Contrasting Patterns of Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Spatial Population Genomics Throughout a Rabies Management Area in Eastern North America
title_sort contrasting patterns of raccoon procyon lotor spatial population genomics throughout a rabies management area in eastern north america
topic dispersal
microhaplotypes
rabies
spatial autocorrelation
wildlife disease
zoonotic disease
url https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70105
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