Resilience of Snowball Earth to Stochastic Events

Abstract Earth went through at least two periods of global glaciation (i.e., “Snowball Earth” states) during the Neoproterozoic, the shortest of which (the Marinoan) may not have lasted sufficiently long for its termination to be explained by the gradual volcanic build‐up of greenhouse gases in the...

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Main Authors: Guillaume Chaverot, Andrea Zorzi, Xuesong Ding, Jonathan Itcovitz, Bowen Fan, Siddharth Bhatnagar, Aoshuang Ji, Robert J. Graham, Tushar Mittal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-07-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL109512
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author Guillaume Chaverot
Andrea Zorzi
Xuesong Ding
Jonathan Itcovitz
Bowen Fan
Siddharth Bhatnagar
Aoshuang Ji
Robert J. Graham
Tushar Mittal
author_facet Guillaume Chaverot
Andrea Zorzi
Xuesong Ding
Jonathan Itcovitz
Bowen Fan
Siddharth Bhatnagar
Aoshuang Ji
Robert J. Graham
Tushar Mittal
author_sort Guillaume Chaverot
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Earth went through at least two periods of global glaciation (i.e., “Snowball Earth” states) during the Neoproterozoic, the shortest of which (the Marinoan) may not have lasted sufficiently long for its termination to be explained by the gradual volcanic build‐up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Large asteroid impacts and supervolcanic eruptions have been suggested as stochastic geological events that could cause a sudden end to global glaciation via a runaway melting process. Here, we employ an energy balance climate model to simulate the evolution of Snowball Earth's surface temperature after such events. We find that even a large impactor (diameters of d ∼ 100 km) and the supervolcanic Toba eruption (74 Kyr ago), are insufficient to terminate a Snowball state unless background CO2 has already been driven to high levels by long‐term outgassing. We suggest, according to our modeling framework, that Earth's Snowball states would have been resilient to termination by stochastic events.
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publisher Wiley
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-9364a1c95b3b4aed824ef53d2c7553f52025-08-20T03:10:25ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072024-07-015114n/an/a10.1029/2024GL109512Resilience of Snowball Earth to Stochastic EventsGuillaume Chaverot0Andrea Zorzi1Xuesong Ding2Jonathan Itcovitz3Bowen Fan4Siddharth Bhatnagar5Aoshuang Ji6Robert J. Graham7Tushar Mittal8Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève Versoix SwitzerlandDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences Stanford University Stanford CA USADepartment of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences University of California Los Angeles CA USAInstitute of Astronomy University of Cambridge Cambridge UKDepartment of the Geophysical Sciences University of Chicago Chicago IL USAObservatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève Versoix SwitzerlandDepartment of Geosciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USADepartment of the Geophysical Sciences University of Chicago Chicago IL USADepartment of Geosciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USAAbstract Earth went through at least two periods of global glaciation (i.e., “Snowball Earth” states) during the Neoproterozoic, the shortest of which (the Marinoan) may not have lasted sufficiently long for its termination to be explained by the gradual volcanic build‐up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Large asteroid impacts and supervolcanic eruptions have been suggested as stochastic geological events that could cause a sudden end to global glaciation via a runaway melting process. Here, we employ an energy balance climate model to simulate the evolution of Snowball Earth's surface temperature after such events. We find that even a large impactor (diameters of d ∼ 100 km) and the supervolcanic Toba eruption (74 Kyr ago), are insufficient to terminate a Snowball state unless background CO2 has already been driven to high levels by long‐term outgassing. We suggest, according to our modeling framework, that Earth's Snowball states would have been resilient to termination by stochastic events.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL109512
spellingShingle Guillaume Chaverot
Andrea Zorzi
Xuesong Ding
Jonathan Itcovitz
Bowen Fan
Siddharth Bhatnagar
Aoshuang Ji
Robert J. Graham
Tushar Mittal
Resilience of Snowball Earth to Stochastic Events
Geophysical Research Letters
title Resilience of Snowball Earth to Stochastic Events
title_full Resilience of Snowball Earth to Stochastic Events
title_fullStr Resilience of Snowball Earth to Stochastic Events
title_full_unstemmed Resilience of Snowball Earth to Stochastic Events
title_short Resilience of Snowball Earth to Stochastic Events
title_sort resilience of snowball earth to stochastic events
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL109512
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